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LECTURE 7

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11 views20 pages

LECTURE 7

Uploaded by

Shahrin Rahman Rafin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Greek

Civilization
Professor Md. Reazul Haque
Former Chairman, Department of Development Studies, University of Dhaka
(Bangladesh)
Affiliate Faculty, Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University
(USA)
Visiting Research Fellow, IDE-JETRO (Japan)
Ph.D. in Women’s Studies, Flinders University (Australia)
MA in Development Studies, ISS (the Netherlands)
MSS & MPhil in Public Administration, University of Dhaka (Bangladesh)
LinkedIn Profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/professor-md-reazul-haque-8444aa92/.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Phone: + 8801712929309 (Mobile)
Lecture Outline of Greek Civilization

Background-History

Socioeconomic and political culture: the idea of democracy

Contributions: Arts, literature, architecture, philosophy and science

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bDrYTXQLu8
Background
Today more than ten million people live in
Greece, the southeastern region of Europe.
Greece is a country located between Albania
and Turkey, surrounded by all sides, except
the North, by water.
The earliest settlements in Greece took place
roughly between 10,000 and 3,000 B.C.
Greeks developed sea trade across the
Aegean Sea.
The modern Greek nation came into existence
as a result of a long bloody war against the
Ottoman Empire (Turkey) early in the
nineteenth century.
Key Geographical Features
of Greek Civilization
Mainland was rocky-not suitable for proper agricultural
cultivation.
Most of the people lived along the coastline or on
islands where the soil was good for farming.
The Aegean and Mediterranean Seas provided a
means of communication and trade with other
regions
Sparta Athens
Sparta was an isolated city-state Place of Democracy
that was culturally and politically
different from Athens.
Society, Economy and
Politics
Many bays and natural harbors
developed maritime commerce.
Democratic form of government.
Practiced patrilineal descent systems
Greek women were not allowed to
participate in politics.
Women could not represent
themselves in court.
The position of slaves and foreigners
in Greek society was worse.
Slaves were excluded from
participation in political system
Greek Lifestyles
As the climate was mild, Greeks spent much time
outdoors.
People gathered in the marketplace to discuss the
news of the day.
Greeks were more interested in present life than
afterlife.
But the Greeks did not neglect their gods.
Religion, literature and arts made people united.
Hilltops served as political and religious centers.
Lower ground, the agora, usually was the center
of social and economic activity.
Greek Religious
Beliefs
The gods and goddesses often
looked and behaved like ordinary
humans.
Failure to honor the gods was
considered a serious offense.
Each Greek city state held festivals
to honor individual gods.
Athens, set aside about 60 days
each year for religious
celebrations.
All citizens took part in the
celebrations.
Greek Drama and Culture
Religion, drama, and poetry were closely linked.
Tragedies (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides) and
dramas focused on the suffering of a major character
and usually ended in disaster.
Comedies were played in which poets ridiculed people,
ideas, and social customs.
The Greeks enjoyed poems (The epic poems of Homer,
"The Iliad" and "The Odyssey), in which the poet
expressed motions or thoughts.
Greek Inventions
Greek
Architecture
Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGPevxwITBE
Greek Arts
Shaping New Views of the World
The Greeks were intensely curious
about the world and the place of
people in it.

Believed in the individual's ability to


reason and discover important truths.
Had faith in human
reason
Philosophers used logic and
reason to think critically about
the nature of the universe
Socrates: The Questioning Philosopher
Plato and Aristotle: The Heirs of Socrates
Herodotus: Greek Historians
Hippocrates: Father of modern medicine
Euclid, and Archimedes contributing to
the fields of mathematics, and physics.
Investigated society,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlL_tagh0wI
morality and politics.
Greek Wisdom and
Philosophers

Socrates Plato Aristotle


Timeline 470-399 b.C 428-348 b.C 384-322 b.C

The Rational Society Ethical and political


Shaping the rational
The Republic: society thought
individual
should be governed by the Famous for the book
Goal of education to
wisest, not the richest. “Politics”
improve human
Men and women should be Identified: aristocracy,
Activities understanding
equal in education and monarchy, and
Question authority
position constitutional
Draw knowledge from
3 groups in society: government.
pupils through question
philosopher-kings who Constitutional
and answer
ruled; warriors to protect government is the best.
Greek Science and Practices

The kosmos perceived to be a


natural whole but the presence of
God was acknowledged.
Nature tends to act the same orderly
way, and does nothing without a
purpose. That is, there are laws of
nature.
Humans can recognize those laws;
do not need divine revelation.
Scholars and scientists focus on the
study of nature.
A civic tradition of public discussion
of issues, not autocrats and kings
only.
Thank You and Questions???

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