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Chemistry Lesson

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Jeoferson Jose Valdez
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1 views

Chemistry Lesson

Uploaded by

Jeoferson Jose Valdez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Methods

of
Separatin
g mixtures
Contents of This Template
Pure Substance.
In chemistry its is a classification of
matter made up of all the same types
of atom, all the same molecules or all
the same bonded elements.
Mixture
•
as
s
Mixtures
a
can be classified
solution or a
suspension.
• When the solid that
dissolves in a liquid a
solution is obtained.
• The solid that dissolved is
known as the solute.
• The substance that
dissolves the solid is
known as the solvent.
Classification
Example:
of Mixtures
When a salt dissolves in water, a salt solution is
obtained.
Salt + water = salt water mixture
(solute) (solvent) (solution)

When the solid does not dissolve in the liquid a


suspension is obtained.
Sand does not dissolve in the
solvent therefore resulting
mixture is a suspension:
SOLUBILITY
What is Solubility?
solubility, degree to
which a substance
dissolves in a solvent to
make a solution.
Methods of
Purification
Magnetic Separation
Magnetic separation is the process
of separating components of
mixtures by using a magnet to
attract magnetic substances. The
process that is used for magnetic
separation separates non-magnetic
substances from those which are
magnetic
Example of Magnetic
Separation
Permanent and Electro Magnetic
Separators are used to separate
magnetically susceptible minerals.
Examples include: Removing iron
bearing minerals from silica sand
used in the production of glass;
Cleansing feldspar and clay used in
the production of ceramics
• To separate an
Filtration
insoluble solid
from a mixture e.g. sand from
seawater.
• Upon filtration the mixture is
separated into residue and
filtrate.
• Residue- the insoluble solid that
remains on the filter paper
• Filtrate- the liquid that passes
through the filter paper.
Evaporation to Dryness

• To evaporate solvent from the


solution, obtaining the soluble
from the mixture.
• To obtain salt from the seawater.
Crystalliza
Steps tion
• include:
Evaporate until
solution is obtained.
a saturated

• Cools, crystal will form


• Filter to obtain crystals
• Rinse with cold distilled water
• Dry by pressing between the filter
paper
Wake up
call?
Which method is most suitable for obtaining a
pure, dry sample of sodium chloride from a
mixture of sand and sodium chloride?
A. Heat the mixture gently and collect the substance which
melts.
B. Heat the mixture gently and collect the substance which
melts
C. Shake the mixture with water and distill off the liquid
D. Shake the mixture with water, filter and evaporate the
filtrate
DECANTAT
ION
To pour off a liquid,
leaving another
liquid or solid
behind. Takes
advantage of
differences in
density.
DISTILLATI
ON
• Water in the distilling
flask boils.
• Water vapour rises enter the
condenser
• Water vapour is condensed
back to the water
• Pure water distillate is collected
in a receiver
DISTILLATI
ON
• Distillation is used to separate
liquids from nonvolatile
solids, as in the separation of
alcoholic liquors from
fermented materials, or in the
separation of two or more
liquids having different boiling
points, as in the separation of
gasoline, kerosene, and
lubricating oil from crude oil.
Things to
Note:
• Thermometer: bulb is placed at
the opening of distilling flask
( to measure the temperature
of the pure vapour.)
• Condenser: water enters the
condenser from the bottom and
exit through the top.
Density
Separation
More dense
components
sink to the bottom
and
less dense
components
float. The
components
cannot be soluble
within
Centrifuge

Circular motion
helps denser
components sink
to the bottom
faster.
Centrifuge

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