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Chapter_5_File_Organization

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Chapter_5_File_Organization

Uploaded by

teseman2020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title Slide

• Chapter 5: Record Storage and Primary File


Organization

• Understanding File Structures and Their


Operations
Learning Objectives
• Understand the basics of file organization.
• Explore key operations on files.
• Learn different methods of storing and
accessing records.
• Understand indexing techniques for file
efficiency.
5.1 Introduction
• What is File Organization?
• - The method of arranging and accessing data
in storage.
• Why is it important?
• - Ensures fast access and efficient storage
utilization.

• Humanizing Tip: Think of this as organizing


your closet. A messy closet slows you down,
but an organized one saves time!
5.2 Operations on Files
• Key Operations:
• 1. Insert: Adding new data.
• 2. Delete: Removing unwanted records.
• 3. Update: Modifying existing records.
• 4. Retrieve: Fetching records based on
conditions.

• Example: Think of retrieving like finding a


specific song in your playlist.
5.3 Files of Unordered Records
(Heap Files)
• Records are stored as they arrive.
• No specific order.
• Simple but inefficient for searching.

• Humanizing Tip: Imagine throwing receipts


randomly into a box. Finding one later can
take time.
5.4 Files of Ordered Records
(Sorted Files)
• Records are stored in a sorted order based on
a key.
• Easier to search but expensive to maintain
when adding new records.

• Example: Sorting books on a shelf by genre or


author.
5.5 Hashing Techniques
• Uses a hash function to map keys to positions
in storage.
• Fast access but can lead to collisions.

• Humanizing Tip: Like assigning a locker to a


student based on their ID. Sometimes, two
students end up assigned to the same locker.
5.6 Index Structure for Files
• Index: A data structure to improve access
speed.
• Acts like a table of contents for your files.

• Example: Finding a chapter in a book using the


index rather than flipping every page.
5.7 Types of Single-Level Ordered
Index
• Primary Index: Based on primary key.
• Secondary Index: Non-primary keys.

• Humanizing Tip: Think of your contacts list.


Primary Index = alphabetical order by name;
Secondary Index = sorted by city.
5.8 Dynamic Multilevel Indexes (B-
Trees & B+ Trees)
• B-Trees:
• - Balanced tree for efficient search, insert,
delete.
• B+ Trees:
• - Adds sequential access for better range
searches.

• Example: Similar to a library catalog system for


quick lookup.
5.9 Indexes on Multiple Indexes
• Multiple indexes improve search but can
increase complexity.
• Example: Searching books by author and
genre simultaneously.
Summary
• File organization determines storage
efficiency.
• Operations (insert, delete, update, retrieve)
are the backbone of file handling.
• Indexes and hashing make retrieval faster.
Questions?
• Got Questions?
• Let’s discuss and clarify!

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