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Postmodernism (2)

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17 views23 pages

Postmodernism (2)

Uploaded by

revtaanshul
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© © All Rights Reserved
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POST MODERANISM

INTRODUCTION

 In every age there are some dominating Ideas comprehensive


thinking or conceptualized idioms.
 These ideas prevail not only in academic circle but also in public
discourse, especially in political power domain .
Ancient time Reason and Valour
(Greek
Civilization)
God, Church, Superstitions
Medieval Age
 Reason, enlightenment, science
modernity.
Modern Age

 After mid 20th century to 2010 it was the ager of


POSTMODERNISM.
 Modernism emerged in the era of modernity

Modern Age

Early modern Age Later modern Age

Renaissance and
Reformation Modernism
(14th - 17th)

Artistic and cultural


Scientific Revolution
(Mid 15th – late 17th ) movement of late
19th

Reason, science,
Enlightenment Age
(Late 17th - early 18th) metanarratives, rejection
conventional styles,
individualism, Absurdity,
absolute truths
 Use of reason and science as a mean for understanding explaining
and reforming all spheres of human life.

 Strong faith in use of rational knowledge for understanding all


aspects of human relations on this earth

 faith in adoption of universal values and structures.

 Modernity accepted that Scientific method and rational


principles could be used and therefore should be used in all
disciplines, natural sciences as well as social sciences.

 Upheld the idea of Absolute and universal truths resulting


from the rational application of science to all sphere off the
society
ENLIGHTENMENT PROJECT
 Enlightenment was the intellectual movement started in Europe in late 18 th century.
 Modernism is considered as the Child of enlightenment.
 Objectives of enlightenment project were to move society from

Tradition to Modernism
Ignorance to Enlightenment
Traditional to Objective and Scientific Knowledge and values
Darkness to Light
Prejudices and limitations to Truth and Real Freedom

 The philosophical origin if postmodernism can be traced to the arguments made to


counter enlightenment
 Two central tenets of Enlightenment were as follow:
1. the perfectibility of human nature
2.the belief in human progress through the development of human knowledge
especially the Sciences.
MODERANISM

 Hard Science and truth


 Certainty
 Experiments
 Absurdity
 Symbolism
 Individualism
 Free verse poetry
 Authority of criticism
 Meaning is Important
Impact of Colonialism and Imperialism
 European states were in position to advocate and impose their
values as universal values and objective truths
 This age was identified as age of Modernity, age of progress and
age of science, technology and Industrialization.

Rapid social, economic, political,


Decolonization
intellectual
transformation.

Modernism Postmodernism
Post modernism developed in mid late
twentieth century
Main thinkers - Friedrich Nietzsche, Jacaues
Derrida,Jean -Francois Lyotard,Michel
Foucault, Fredric Jameson etc.
Main features of Post modernism -
Rejection of Metanarative
Rejection of science and rationality
Disillusionment with Modernit
There is no absolute truth
Truth is subjective
Truth is related with the observer
The end of reality
Social identity is constructed
Postmodernist Thinkers
• Jean Francois lyotard was a French philosopher
and literary theorist.

 He is well known for his articulation of


postmodernist after the late1970’s and the
analysis of the impact of postmodernist on
the human condition.
10 Aug. 1924-1998

 Jean Francois lyotard in his book “The Postmodern


Condition”(1979)

says that the ‘grand narrative has lost its


credibility’.

10 Aug. 1924-1998
 Metanarratives are grand theories which helps us to
understand the world around us and change in it.

 For example : unlimited scientific and technological


progress would provide ideal and good life .This theory was
a metanarrative.

 Even Marx’s class struggle theory lost relevance. Society


in no way has reached to classless society.

• In new social movements ,women issues ,environment issues


gay and lesbian issues are more apparent.

 There are based on single issue ,there is no class angle and


there is no totalistic revolution program.
• As grand narratives break down and new social movement
emerge, one finds out that supporters of various small
narratives such as local ,ethnic ,cultural, religious or
ideological.
Friedrich Nietzsche
▶ Was a German philosopher .
▶ Postmodernists challenge the claims of Objectivity of science.

▶ It can be traced back to


Friedrich Nietzsche ,who was the first
to question our ability to find objective
truth.
▶ In his book ‘will to power’
(1901) he wrote, “In so far as the world
knowledge has any meaning, the world
is knowable ;but it is interpretable
otherwise , it has no meaning behind it,
but countless meanings”.
▶ He emphasizes that people create their
own world and make their own values.
▶ This is the most memorably expressed 15 Oct.1844-
1900
in the assertion that ‘God is dead’.
Jacques Derrida
▶ Was a Algerian born French philosopher.
▶ Deconstruction, mainly associated with Jacques
Derrida.
▶ It examines what a text leaves out what
is excluded, unnamed or concealed ,and
what it represses.

▶ By deconstructing a text one can show


its ambivalence, reveal it’s contradiction
and inconsistencies.

▶ For example: A form asking for father’s


occupation It assumes that women didn’t work or
they should not work and work is the domain of
man or father. 15Jul.1930
-2004
Jean Baudrilland: Consumerism,
gender relation.

15oct.192
6-1984

27Jul.1929
-2007
~He was French philosopher.
~ Foucault was primarily concerned with
forms of knowledge.
~His early work analysed different
branches of knowledge .
~Truth always being a social construct.
POSTMODERNISM: CRITICAL
APPRAISAL
● A complex & confusing collection of ideas

● Ignore the ideal of universalism

● unduly big importance on individual &


subjectivity in all sphere of life
● Focus on micro studies

● Deny importance of reason and science

● Parochial view of science


Postmodernism :Critical
Appraisal

● Ignore the fact of inner huma n unity

● Can lead to ethnic and local conflicts & dispute

● N o a m Chomsky argued that


"Postmodernism is meaningless as it has nothing to
add to empirical and analytical knowledge"
● Lack of consistency
Conclusion :
The need of the time is to combine modren
notions of solidarity alliance, consensus
universal rights macro-politics and
institutional struggle with postmodern
notion of difference, plurality, multi-
perspectivism, identity and micro politics.
Along with socio-economic-politico ddiversities
the human beings has a sort of inner
unity,collectivity and commoness.

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