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Unit 2

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16 views

Unit 2

english unit ipu

Uploaded by

VIDEO LINK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit-II

Language,
Communication and
Law
Syllabus
• Meaning and Communication Approaches
• Types, Directions and Challenges
• Formal & Informal Communication
• Barriers to Communication
• Culture and Language Sensitivity
• Non-verbal Communication: Importance, Types (Paralanguage, Body
Language, Proximity etc.)
• Legal Maxims
• Foreign Words, Urdu and Hindi Words
• Legal Counselling and Interviewing
Imagine Life without Sharing!

• Exchange, convey, share


•  opinions, ideas, emotions
•  between two or more people
•  to create understanding
ORIGIN

• late Middle English (in the sense ‘communicating, having


communication’): from Old French, from late Latin communicabilis,
from the verb communicare ‘to share’
Definitions

• “the act of sending information from the mind of one person to the mind of
another person”
• “transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver, such that both
understand it in the same way”
• “the process by which information is transmitted and understood between two or
more people”
• “a two-way process whereby information is sent from one person to another
through a channel who in turn reacts by providing feedback”
Process of Communication
Process
Sender (S)

•  initiator
•  idea encoded in spoken, written, non-verbal, sign language
•  experience and authority of S influences communication
Channel (C)

•  links S and R
•  oral, written or combination; mass media; electronic media
Message (M)

•  idea to be conveyed
•  clarity, length and complexity of M influences communication
•  organisation of information in M critical to communication
Receiver (R)

•  For whom the message is intended


•  idea decoded at this stage
•  required to attach same meaning to the M
•  communication incomplete if R fails to understand M
Feedback (F)
•  response from R to S regarding understanding
•  assurance over effectiveness and completion of
communication
•  a learning opportunity; scope for improvements; improving
efficiency and satisfaction in an organisation
•  proves that M has been received satisfactorily when
intended action is taken
Noise (N)

•  hindrances in communication
•  distortions in transmission of M
•  environmental factors: low visibility, noise, organisational culture
• use of non-verbal language to combat
• human factors: assumptions, values, past experiences, stereotypes,
attitudes, emotions, stress, ambivalence
Types
• Verbal: written non-vocal + oral/ vocal
• Non-Verbal: body language/ gestures/ facial expressions
• Provide context to V C
• Visual: photographs/ art/ drawings/ symbols/ charts/ graphs
• Provide context to V C
Formal Communication

• Official, written
• In a particular direction and appropriate channel
• Secure, reliable, evidential support for reference
• Procedure followed and may be ensured
• Time consuming
• Memo, emails, notices, circulars, reports, orders etc.

• Vertical: between different levels of hierarchy; superior-subordinate


• Horizontal: at the same level; superiors, subordinates
• Diagonal: between different departments; subordinate of one dept. with superior of
another
Informal Communication
• Unofficial, Grapevine
• No direction or structure, free-flowing
• Personal relationships and reduced gap
• Encouraging positive work environment and creative quotient
enhanced
• Rumours/ gossip, unreliable
• Spontaneous
Functions Communication in an
Organisation

• to establish and disseminate goals


• develop plans and formulate future/long-term objectives
• choose, groom and encourage employees
• lead, direct and motivate
• control performance
• building rapport with stakeholders and associates
Significance of Effective Communication in an
Organisation
• Decision making and planning
• Quality of d. m. is directly proportional to the quality of communication
• Also true for implementation
• Smooth and efficient working of organisation
• Regulation in the right direction
• Facilitate coordination
• Bringing about unity of action for a common purpose
• Exchanging ideas and information
• Increase efficiency; creating leadership
• Means to convey goals, desires, issue instructions, orders, assign jobs,
responsibilities and evaluation of subordinates
• Creating effective leadership
Significance of Effective Communication in an
Organisation
• Healthy relationship between members
• Trust, cooperation, grievances, suggestions
• Motivation and morale boosting
• E.g. content, timing and way of communication effects change in the behaviour of
subordinates
• Job satisfaction
• Mutual trust between employer and employee
• Cultivating a sense of belonging; reducing gap
• Participation and delegation
• In decision making process
• Decentralising authority
• Effective control
• To achieve desired goals
• Plans communicated; performance measured and reported; corrective measures
undertaken
• Public relations
• Image building
Barriers in Communication
– ill planned actions, poorly designed organizational
structure, vaguely formulated performance standards

• Lack of planning
• To improve understanding and minimise conflict, giving thought, planning an agenda,
choosing the right media and timing (when and how much)
• Unclarified assumptions
• Lack of clarity in the message
• Ambiguity, distortion in language
• Deliberate or accidental
• Poor retention and loss of transmission
• Poor listening and premature evaluation
• Insufficient time for adjustment to the consequences of communication
• Information overload

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