Scribd
Upload
14 views10 pages

Film History

Uploaded by

Madakari Nayaka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views10 pages

Film History

Uploaded by

Madakari Nayaka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

• One of the most fascinating aspects of animation is the

creation of visual continuity and motion, through still


images. While technology may have changed the way
animation works today, it hasn’t changed the underlying
mechanism of the craft. If you’ve ever seen anything
move on screen, persistence of vision is at play. So,
what is persistence of vision?
• What is persistence of vision?
• Persistence of vision is the optical phenomenon where
the illusion of motion is created because the brain
interprets multiple still images as one. When multiple
images appear in fast enough succession, the brain
blends them into a single, persistent, moving image.
• The human eye and brain can only process about 12
separate images per second, retaining an image for 1/16
of a second. If a subsequent image is replaced during
this time frame, an illusion of continuity is created.
•
• Ways to create motion with persistence of
vision:
• Animating “on twos” — when one image is
shown for every two frames at a total of 12
frames per second, it allows for smooth
motion
• Animating “on ones” — when one image is
shown for every frame at a total of 12 frames
per second, it allows for even faster motion.

• In 1872, Stanford was a wealthy baron,


former Governor of California, and horse
racing enthusiast with way too much time on
his hands. Spending much of that time at the
track, he became convinced that a horse at
• he turned to a nature photographer,
Eadweard Muybridge, Six years later, after
narrowly avoiding a murder conviction (but
that’s another story), Muybridge perfected a
technique of photographing a horse in
motion with a series of 12 cameras triggered
in sequence. One of the photos clearly
showed that all four of the horse’s hooves
left the ground at full gallop.
• Of course, the mechanical reproduction of
an image had already been around for some
time.
• . But it wasn’t until a couple of French
inventors, Nicephore Niepce and Louis
Daguerre, managed to capture an image
through a chemical process known as
photoetching in the 1820s that photography
was born.
• But to create the illusion of movement from
these still images would require further
innovation. The basic concept of animation
was already in the air through earlier
inventions like the magic lantern and
eventually the zoetrope.
• But a photo-realistic recreation of movement
was unheard of. That’s where Muybridge
comes in. His technique of capturing a series
of still images in quick succession laid the
groundwork for other inventors like Thomas
Edison, Woodville Latham and Auguste and
Louis Lumiere to develop new ways of
photographing and projecting movement.
• Crucial to this process was the development
of strips of light-sensitive celluloid film to
replace the bulky glass plates used by
Muybridge. This enabled a single camera to
record a series of high-speed exposures
(rather than multiple cameras taking a
single photo in sequence).
• Marey's chronophotographic gun was made
in 1882, this instrument was capable of
taking 12 consecutive frames a second, with
all the frames recorded on the same picture.
Using these pictures he studied horses,
birds, dogs, sheep, donkeys, elephants, fish,
microscopic creatures, molluscs, insects,
reptiles, etc. He also deigns a paper roll film
to substitute for photographic glass plates.
George eastman
Hannibal Goodwin
• By 1893, 15 years after Muybridge won
Stanford’s bet, Edison had built the first
“movie studio,” a small, cramped, wood-
frame hut covered in black tar paper with a
hole in the roof to let in sunlight.

• One of the first films they produced was a 5


second “scene” of a man sneezing.
• There was just one problem: the only way to
view Edison’s films was through
a kinetoscope, a machine that allowed a
single viewer to peer into a viewfinder and
crank through the images.

You might also like