Scribd
Upload
10 views

1 Introduction to Nursing Research

Uploaded by

Loyal Lovly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

1 Introduction to Nursing Research

Uploaded by

Loyal Lovly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 40

Introduction to Nursing Research

By Mrs.ATTIA NASIM
RN , RM
MSN University of health sciences Lahore
BSN University of health sciences Lahore
BSc Punjab University Lahore
Dip N. Education PGCN Lahore
Dip N. Management PGCN Lahore
Dip Psychiatric Nursing PGCN Lahore
Dip GN & Mid NEB PB Lahore
At the end of this session, the students will be able to:-
 Define Nursing Research
 Identify the importance of Research in Nursing
 Become aware of Nursing Research’s history
 Understand different sources of Knowledge
 Define paradigm
 Discuss different paradigms in Research
Introduction
 The ability to conduct research is becoming an ever
important concept
Because
 The ultimate purpose of nursing research is to
provide high-quality patient care.
Thus
 Clinical practice without research is practice based
on tradition without validation.
Origin of the Word “Research”

 From the French word "recherche" which means to


travel through or survey
 Means ‘to search again’ or ‘to examine carefully’.
Research

Research is a systematic Process of inquiry through

which new knowledge is developed and the

available knowledge is refined and tested.


Nursing research

 Nursing research is a scientific process that refines


or validates existing knowledge and generates new
knowledge that will directly or indirectly influence
nursing practice.
Goal of Nursing Research

 The Main goal of research is to develop, refine,

and expand a body of knowledge utilized in

Nursing care.
Importance of Nursing Research
Study of Research is very important for Nurses
Because:
 It Enables Nurses to Read different Research
reports about Nursing Practices

 By studying research, Nurses can identify effective


Practicing Nursing interventions

 Research Helps in the implementation of different


interventions to achieve positive nursing outcomes
Cont…

 It Helps Nurses in Advanced Studies

 Research is very Helpful for Leaders and Manager

Nurses of different departments

 It makes healthcare efficient and cost effective


History
 Began with Nightingale and Crimean War- mid
1800s (Notes on Nursing 1859)
 She is known as First Nurse Researcher
 Her initial Research(1859), focuses on Healthy
environment for the promotion of patients’ health
(She worked on ventilation, cleanliness, water
sanitation and diet purity etc)
Cont…

 Her Role was very prominent during Crimean war,

for collecting and analyzing soldiers’ morbidity and

mortality data.
Nursing Research (1900-1970)

 Early 1900- 1940 – problems in nursing:


education, staffing issues
 1900: American Journal of Nursing was first
published
 1920s and 1930s case studies were published in
this journal.
Nursing Research (1900-1970)
 1960s: Practice- oriented research on various clinical
topics by BScN and MScN Nursing students began to
emerge in the literature.

 1960s: Clinical studies were conducted for the


promotion of patients’ outcomes and quality care.

 In 1960s and 70s: nurses were involved in the


development of conceptual model, frameworks and
theories to guide nursing practice.
Nursing Research (1980s-1990s)
 1983 - ANA Center for Nursing Research (the first
volume of the Annual Review of Nursing Research
was published)
 1985&1986: National Center for Nursing Research
(NIH); awards/grants to support nursing research &
training
 1993 – Re-designated at NIH as the National Institute
of Nursing Research (NINR)
Nursing Research 21st Century
Increased focus on outcomes research.
 Outcomes research is designed to assess and document the
effectiveness of health care services.

 The increasing number of studies that can be characterized as


outcomes research has been stimulated by the need for cost-
effective care that achieves positive outcomes without
compromising quality.
Nursing Research 21st Century
Increased focus on bio physiologic research.
 Nurse researchers have begun increasingly to study biologic and
physiologic phenomena as part of the effort to develop better
clinical evidence.

 Consistent with this trend, a new journal called Biological


Research for Nursing was launched in 2000.
Promotion of evidence-based practice.
 Intensive efforts to translate research findings into practice will
continue and nurses at all levels will be encouraged to engage in
evidence based patient care.
Evidence based practice
 Defined as the use of the best clinical evidence in making
patient care decisions.
 Using the best available information to answer clinical
questions in order to improve practice
Sources Of Knowledge
 Every individual possesses a huge amount of knowledge.

 We know about ourselves; we know about the world around


us; we know about Different concepts and ideas.
Cont…

Where this knowledge ultimately comes from?


Fundamental sources of Knowledge
 Traditions
 Authority
 Borrowing
 Role Modeling
 Personal Experience
 Trial and Error
 Intuition
 Logical reasoning
Tradition

This represents knowledge based on truths and beliefs that


come from customs and trends.

Traditional from the past is communicated to the present,


which is effective in different Nursing Practices e.g. Many
health policies and procedures have traditional ideas
Authority
 Authority (Wisdom) is defined as a person with expertise and
power who is able to influence opinion and behavior.

For example Nurses who have enough knowledge and


publish articles and books are considered as authority
Borrowing

 It is defined as knowledge taken from other fields and


utilized in Nursing profession.
For example knowledge from Medicine, psychology and
sociology.

Role Modeling
 Role Modeling Is learning where Novice nurses imitate
expert Nurses through interactions
Personal Experience:
 It is defined as gaining of knowledge by being personally
involved in an event, a situation or circumstances

For example observing injection again and again in clinical


setting helps Nurses to learn how to inject Medicine
Trial and Errors
 It is defined as an approach with unknown outcome, which
is used in a situation of uncertainty where other sources of
knowledge are unavailable.

Intuitions
 Intuition is an insight or understanding of a situation or
event as a whole that usually can not be explained logically.

Gut feeling
Reasoning:
 It is defined as the processing and organizing of ideas in order
to reach conclusion

 There are two main types of Reasoning:


a) Inductive : Specific to general
b) Deductive: General to specific
Inductive reasoning

 It is defined as developing generalizations from specific


observations.

 For example, a nurse may observe the anxious behavior of


(specific) hospitalized child and conclude that (in general)
children's’ separation from their parents is stressful.
Deductive reasoning
 It is defined as developing specific predictions from general
principles.
 For example, if we assume that separation anxiety occurs in
hospitalized children (in general), then we might predict
that (specific) children in Hospital whose parents do not
room-in will manifest symptoms of stress
Paradigm

 A broad framework of perception, understanding, belief


about the Nature of the world, within which theories and
practices operate

 Positivism
 Naturalism
Positivism

 The fundamental assumption of positivists is that there is a


reality out there that can be studied and known

 They believe in Objective Reality


Naturalism

 Naturalism is a Paradigm where people believe that there is


nothing supernatural Like gods, immaterial souls and spirits
etc
Possitivism Verses Naturalism
Positivism Naturalism

 There is single Reality  There are multiple realities

 They believe in objectivity 


They believe in subjectivity

 It is used in Quantitative  It is Used in Qualitative


Research Research
Components of paradigms
Ontology: What is the Nature of Reality upon which a
theory is based

Epistemology
Derived from the Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos
(reason), ‘The branch of philosophy concerned with the
origin, nature, methods & limits of knowledge.’
Methodology

 Refers to general principles which underline how


we investigate the social world and how we
demonstrate that the knowledge generated is valid.
References
 Burns, N. & Grove, S. K. (2007). Understanding
nursing research. (4th ed.).Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders.
 Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). Essential of
nursing research: Methods, appraisal, &
utilization. (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott
Questions?
Education is the best provision for the
journey to old age.
(Aristotle)

You might also like