KURSUS ASAS

ARDUINO
Contents

Pre-amble

01 Exposure

02 Applied

03
Kursus Asas
What is an Arduino
?
 ARDUINO
Apa itu Arduino?
Arduino adalah pengendali mikro single-board yang
bersifat open-source, diturunkan dari Wiring platform,
dirancang untuk memudahkan penggunaan elektronik
dalam berbagai bidang. Perkakasan micropemproses
menggunakan Atmel AVR (ATMEGA 328P) dan
Perisian memiliki bahasa aturcara sendiri.
Arduino merupakan suatu platform open source
(sumber terbuka) yang dipakai untuk membuat
sebuah projek elektronik.
Apakah ATmega328 itu?
 ATmega328 adalah chip mikrokontroler 8-bit berbasis AVR-RISC buatan
Atmel.Chip ini memiliki 32 KB memori ISP flash dengan kemampuan baca-
tulis (read write), 1 KB EEPROM, dan 2 KB SRAM.
 Dari kapasiti memori Flashnya yang sebesar 32 KB itulah chip ini diberi
nama ATmega328.
 Chip lain yang memiliki memori 8 KB diberi nama ATmega8, dan ATmega16
untuk yang memiliki memori 16 KB.
 Microcontroll
er

Microprocess
 Microcontroller or
Microprocessor
What is the difference

A Microprocessor is an IC which has only the

Central Processing Unit (CPU) inside them.
 They only have processing powers.
Don’t have ROM, RAM and otherperipheral
on the chip.
A system designer has to add them
externally to make them functional.

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 Microcontroller or
Microprocessor
What is the difference

A microcontroller is an entire computer

manufactured on a single chip.
It is a device that includes microprocessor,
memory and input/output devices on a
single chip.
 designed to perform specific tasks

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 Microcontroller vs
Microprocessor
One
Chips
Microcontroll Many Different
er Chips
CPU Timer/Counter Timer/ Clock USART
Counter
Memory Memory Memory I/O Interface

I/O Interface USART

Timer/ Ot er riph ral
Counter h Pe e
Other Peripherals

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 Microcontroller vs
Microprocessor
One
Chips
Microcontroller Microprocessor

CPU CPU

Memory

Memory

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 Microcontroller vs
Microprocessor

Parameters Microcontroller Microprocessor

cost Cheap Expensive
Speed Slow (In MHz range) Fast (InGHz Range)
Purpose Special General
Dependency Single Chip has almost all Need extra components
component to
be able to interact
Resources Limited Unlimited

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 Meet Arduino Uno

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 Getting
• Check out: Started
http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
1. Download & install the Arduino environment
(IDE)
(not needed in lab)
2. Connect the board to your computer via
the USB cable
3. If needed, install the drivers (not needed in
lab)
4. Launch the Arduino IDE
5. Select your board
6. Select your serial port
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 https://www.arduino.cc/

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 Click software
and select
window
installer

Window
installer

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 Just download

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 Arduino
IDE

See: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment for more information

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 Functions in
IDE
Basic functions of IDE
 Void setup ()
 Void loop ()

Sub functions
 Digital write ()
 Analog write ()
 Delay ()

Special functions
 Interrupt func tions
 Serial output functions

Customised Libraries and their

functions.
Eg: #include <LED.h> #include <serial.h>
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 Select Serial Port and
Board

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 Digital Input / Digital
output (PWM on pins 3, 5,
6, 9, 10, 11)

USB Arduino
connectio Uno
n
Revisio
7-12 volt n 3
input
power
(9v is Powe Analog input
common) r / Digital
pins input or
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Arduino Kick
 Different Varieties of
Arduino

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Arduino Kick
Input/Output
Outp
ut

Inpu
t
 Digital Input/Output

1
• Digital IO is binary
valued—it’s 0
either on or off, 1
or 0
• Internally, all
microprocessors
are digital, why?

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 Digital Input
NO
terminal

Push button momentary/suis tekan

tutup

NC
terminal

Limit swicth/suis
Push button momentary/suis tekan limit
buka
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 AC Digital Input
DC

NO Motion sensor/ penderia

terminal pergerakan

Rain sensor/Penderia
air
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 Arduino Analog
Input

Image credit: Tod Kurt

 Resolution: the number of different voltage levels (i.e.,

states) used to
discretize an input signal
 Resolution values range from 256 states (8 bits) to
4,294,967,296 states (32 bits)
 The Arduino uses 1024 states (10 bits)
 Smallest measurable
 Maximum sample ratevoltage change
is 10,000 timesisa 5V/1024 or 4.8 mV
second
 Analog Input

Distance sensor/ penderia

jarak

Light Dependent Resistor/Penderia

cahaya
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 Analog Input

Temparature sensor/ penderia

suhu

Humidity sensor/ Penderia

kelembapan
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 Analog or Digital Input

Soil
sensor

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 Proces
s

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 Output

Light Emitting Diode (LED)/ Diod pemancar

cahaya

Buzzer/ Pembaz
Relay/
Geganti
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 Output

DC Motor/ Motor arus

terus

LED Lamp/ Lampu

LED
 Output

Servo
motor

Stepper
motor

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 Analog Output

• Can a digital device produce

analog output?

Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC

Berkley

• Analog output can be simulated

using pulse width modulation
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Arduino Kick
 PMW
Pins
• Command:
analogWrite(pin,value)

• value is duty cycle:

between 0 (always
off) and 255
(always on)

•
Examples:
analogWrite(9,
128) for a 50%
duty cycle
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Arduino Kick
 Innovations with existing
Technologies

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 Add-on
Shields

Global Positioning SYSTEM (GPS)

Shield

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 Add-on
Shields

Wireless
Shield
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 Add-on
Shields

GSM
Shield
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 Add-on
Shields

Ethernet
Shield
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Its time to say Yes I
am !