UNIT III

Sustainable utilization of
energy
Subject code: 22PC1EE303
Presented by:
R.Sudha
Assistant Professor
EEE Department.
Smart grid technologies -
overview
What is Smart
Grid?
Electrical grid : An electrical grid (or electricity network) is an
interconnected
network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers.
 Smart Grid: A smart grid is an electricity network that uses
digital and other
advanced technologies to monitor andmanage the
transport of electricity from all generation sources to
meet the varying electricity demands of end users.

OR

 A smart grid refers to an advancedelectricity network that

incorporates modern
communication, sensing, and control technologies to efficiently manage
and optimize the generation, distribution, and consumption of electricity.
OR
Functions of smart
grid
 A smart grid is an advanced electrical grid that
uses digital communication technology and advanced
sensors to improve the efficiency, reliability, and
sustainability of electricity distribution. It incorporates
various functions to enable better management and control of
power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption.
Here are some key functions of a smart grid:
1. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI):
 Smart grids employ smart meters to collect real- time data
on energy consumption and provide two-way communication
between the utility grid and consumers. This enables accurate
billing, remote meter reading, and demand response programs.
2. Demand Response (DR):
Smart grids facilitate demand response programs where
consumers can adjust their energy usage based on signals
from the grid. This helps balance electricity supply and demand
during peak periods, reducing strain on the grid and avoiding
blackouts.

3. Distribution Automation:
Smart grids utilize automation technologies to monitor and
control the distribution of electricity. This includes automated
switches, reclosers, and sensors that detect faults, quickly
isolate and restore power in case of outages.
4. Renewable Energy Integration:
Smart grids support the integration of renewable energy sources,
such as solar and wind, by efficiently managing their
intermittent generation and variability. They enable real-time
monitoring and control of renewable energy resources to
balance supply and demand.

5. Energy Storage Management:

Smart grids facilitate the integration of energy storage systems,
such as batteries, into the grid infrastructure. Energy storage
helps store excess energy during periods of low demand and
release it during peak times. Energy storage enhances grid
stability, improves renewable energy integration, and supports
load balancing.
6. Grid Resilience and Self-healing:
Smart grids are designed to be resilient to disruptions and able
to quickly recover from faults or outages.
Self-healing capabilities enable the grid to automatically detect,
isolate, and reroute power in the event of a fault, minimizing the
impact on customers.

7. Grid Analytics:
Smart grids employ advanced data analytics techniques(machine
learning, cluster analysis, retention analysis and predictive
analysis) to process the vast amount of data collected from
various grid components. This data analysis helps to monitor
grid performance, detect anomalies (something that is different,
unusual, or unexpected), predict demand patterns, and plan
maintenance and infrastructure upgrades more effectively.
8. Electric Vehicle (EV) Integration:
With the growing adoption of electric vehicles, smart grids play
a crucial role in managing EV charging infrastructure. They
enable intelligent charging and load balancing to ensure
efficient charging without overloading the grid.
9. Microgrids and Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading:
Microgrids are localized energy systems that can operate
independently or in connection with the main grid (utility grid).
They integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) like solar
panels, wind turbines, and energy storage. Microgrids can
disconnect from the main grid during outages and provide
reliable power to critical facilities. They enhance grid resilience,
enable localized energy management, and support renewable
energy deployment. They also enable peer-to-peer energy
trading, allowing consumers to buy and sell excess energy
directly to others within the grid.
 These functions of a smart grid contribute to a more
efficient, reliable, and sustainable electricity system, enabling
Advantages of Smart
grid
 Smart grids offer numerous advantages over traditional
electricity grids. Here are some of the key advantages:
Improved reliability:
Smart grids utilize advanced sensors, automation, and monitoring
systems to detect and respond to outages and disturbances
in real time. This allows for faster identification and restoration
of power, reducing downtime and improving overall grid
reliability.
Efficient energy management:
Smart grids enable better energy management through the
integration of renewable energy sources, energy storage
systems, and demand response programs. This helps optimize
the generation, distribution, and consumption of electricity,
leading to reduced energy waste and improved efficiency.
Enhanced integration of
renewable energy:
• Smart grids facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources
such as solar and wind power by providing the necessary
infrastructure and grid management capabilities. They enable better
monitoring, forecasting, and control of renewable energy generation,
supporting a smoother and more reliable integration into the grid.
•Improved grid flexibility:
Smart grids enable bi-directional energy flow, allowing
consumers to become prosumers who can generate and sell excess
electricity back to the grid. This fosters the growth of distributed
energy resources (DERs) like rooftop solar panels, small wind
turbines, and electric vehicle charging stations. The grid's ability
to accommodate these distributed resources enhances flexibility,
resilience, and local energy independence.
Enhanced grid security:
• Smart grids incorporate advanced cybersecurity measures
to protect against cyber threats and physical attacks. With
improved monitoring and control systems, potential issues can
be identified quickly, and appropriate actions can be taken to
mitigate risks and ensure the security of the grid infrastructure.
•Cost savings:
•Smart grids help reduce operational costs by optimizing grid
performance, minimizing transmission and distribution
losses, and enhancing maintenance and asset
management. By facilitating demand response programs, they
also enable load shifting, reducing peak demand and
avoiding the need for costly infrastructure upgrades.
Environmental benefits:
By integrating renewable energy sources and
optimizing energy management, smart grids contribute to a
more sustainable and greener energy system. They help
reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote the adoption of
cleaner technologies, and support the transition to a low-carbon
economy.

 Overall, smart grids offer a wide range of advantages that

enhance grid reliability, efficiency, flexibility, security, and
customer engagement while supporting the integration of
renewable energy and contributing to environmental
sustainability.