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Introduction to Moles

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17 views

Introduction to Moles

Uploaded by

precious.aguilar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introductio

n to Moles
Grade 9
Science
MELC and Learning
Objectives
Use the mole concept to express mass of
substances
One Two Thre
define key terms:
formula mass,
use provided atomic
masses from the
e an
develop
appreciation for the
molecular mass, periodic table to mole concept and
mole, Avogadro's calculate molecular its role in linking
number, atomic or formula mass for microscopic and
mass unit (amu), given compounds; macroscopic
and atomic mass; and
chemistry
How much sand is there?
Guide Questions
1.How will you describe the amount of
sand shown in the photo?
2.How do you count or measure particles
that are uncountable?
3.Why do you think the way of counting
moles is developed?
What conversion factors can be
written from the relationship shown
here?
STOICHIOMETRY
Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry
that deals with the calculation of reactants
and products in chemical reactions. It is
based on the conservation of mass and the
law of definite proportions, which state that
matter cannot be created or destroyed in a
chemical reaction, and that substances react
in fixed ratios.
Mole is a counting unit
A mole is a very big number. If a
computer can count 10 million atoms per
second, it would take about two billion
years to count all the atoms in the mole.
The value of a mole (6.02 x 10 ) is 23

known as Avogadro’s number. It is


named in honor of Amedeo Avogadro, an
Mole is a counting unit

A mole is the amount of substance that


contains as many elementary entities
(atoms, molecules, ions or other
particles) as there are atoms in exactly
12 g of carbon (C-12).
Mole is a counting unit

A mole of any element contains the


same number of atoms as a mole of
another element. For example, 1 mole of
sodium, 1 mole of phosphorus, and 1
mole of magnesium each contains 6.02 x
10 atoms.
23
Avogadro’s number
It’s time to
Review!
Identify whether the following are atoms, ions or
molecules
a. Na
b. H2O
c. NaCl
d. C12H22O11
e. F2
f. CuF
Atoms, particles,
molecules and ions
Understanding the role of atoms, particles, molecules,
and ions in stoichiometry is essential in
understanding the concept.

Atoms– is the smallest unit of an element that retains


its identity in a chemical reaction. In stoichiometry,
atoms are balanced one both sides of a chemical
equation in order to satisfy the Law of conservation of
mass.
Atoms, particles,
molecules and ions

Particles- a general term referring to


atoms, molecules, ions, or even
subatomic particles. Avogadro’s
number (6.022x10 23
particles/mol)
relates to the number of particles to a
mole.
Atoms, particles,
molecules and ions
Molecules- group of atoms bonded
together representing the smallest unit
of a compound. Stoichiometry involves
determining the number of moles or
molecules in reactions in involving
molecular compounds.
Atoms, particles,
molecules and ions
Ions- charged atoms or molecules
formed by the gain or loss of electrons.
In stoichiometry, ions play a crucial
role in reactions such as neutralization
and precipitation.
3
Atomic Mass and
Molar Mass
Atomic mass is determined by the weighted
average mass of the isotopes of that
element. Molar mass is the mass of one mole
of an element or a compound, expressed in
grams per mole (g/mol). For an element, its
molar mass is numerically equal to its
atomic mass. To illustrate: mass of one atom
of silver = 108 amu
mass of one mole of silver = 108 g
Formula Mass and
Molecular Mass
Formula mass (or molecular mass) is defined
as the mass in grams of a mole of a
substance. It is the sum of the atomic
masses (in amu) in the molecule.
The term formula mass is used for
compounds that are made up of ions and
have primarily ionic bonding. The term
molecular mass is used for compounds that
are composed of molecules and have
Formula Mass
To get the molar mass/formula mass,
use the following formula:

∑(𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡


× 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑)
Take note!
In the same way that the atomic mass can
be expressed as a molar mass, both
molecular mass and formula mass can be
expressed as molar masses.

Let us consider the H2O molecule. One mole


of H2O consists of two moles of hydrogen
and one mole of oxygen. Thus, we can
calculate the molar mass of H2O as:
Take note!
2 H = 2 moles x 1.008 g/mol = 2.016 g/mol
1 O = 1 mole x 16 g/mol = 16 g/mol

= 2.016 g/mol + 16 g/mol


= 18.016 g/mol
Formula Mass
Example:

Calculate the Formula


mass of NaCl
Molecular Mass
Example:

Calculate the
Molecular mass of H2O
Activity
Calculate the Formula
mass of Al2(SO4)3
Activity
Calculate the
Molecular mass of
C12C22O11
Thanks
for
listening!
Moles

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