There is

There are
Wake up your English

UNIT 8
 There is
There are
HAY
There is: Hay
There
We use it when there is just ONE thing, is
animal, object or person. Or an
uncountable noun.
Examples:

There is a book on my desk

There is a dog in my house!

There are: Hay There are
We use it when there is MORE THAN ONE
Examples:
thing, animal, object or person.
There are two books on my
desk

There are four dogs in my

house!
There is
There’s
There are
There’re
 NEGATIVE FOR
M
There is
There is not / There isn’t
There are
There are not / there aren’t
There is not: No hay
There isn’t
We use it when there isn’t just ONE thing,
animal, object or person. Or an uncountable
noun.

Examples:

There isn’t a school in this city.

There is not a pen on my pencil case

There are NOT: No hay There aren’t
We use it when there isn’t MORE THAN
ONE thing, animal, object or person.
Examples:
There aren’t two books on my
desk

There are not four dogs in my

house!
INTERROGATIVE FOR
M
There is
Is there?
There are
Are there?
Is there?: Hay?
Is there?
We use it when we ask about just ONE thing,
animal, object or person. Or an uncountable
Examples:
noun.
Is there any food in the
fridge?

Is there any drink in my

fridge?
Are there?: Hay? Are
there?
We use it when we ask If there is MORE
THAN ONE thing, animal, object or person.
Examples:

Are there two books on my

desk?

Are there four dogs in my

house?
 SHORT ANSWERS
SINGULAR
Yes, there is / No, there isn’t
PLURAL
Yes, there are / No, there aren’t
Simple
Therepast:
be
was/were
Wake up your English

UNIT 8
There was: Había There was
We use it when there was just ONE thing,
animal, object or person. Or an
uncountable noun.
Examples:
There was a bank in the town
two years ago.

Yesterday, there was a dog in

my house!
There were: Habían There
were
We use it when there were MORE THAN
ONE thing, animal, object or person.
Examples:

There were 5 girls in the class,

where are they now?

Yesterday, there were four dogs

in my house!
There was
There’s
There were
There’re
 NEGATIVE FOR
M
There was
There was not / There wasn’t
There were
There were not / there weren’t
There was not: No había
There wasn’t
We use it when there isn’t just ONE thing,
animal, object or person. Or an uncountable
noun.

Examples:

There wasn’t a school in this city.

There was not a pen on my pencil case

There were NOT: No habían
There weren’t
We use it when there isn’t MORE THAN ONE
thing, animal, object or person. Or an
uncountable noun.
Examples:
There weren’t two books on my
desk

There were not four dogs in my

house!
INTERROGATIVE FOR
M
There was
Was there?
There were
Were there?
Was there?: Había?
was
there?
We use it when we ask about just ONE thing,
animal, object or person. Or an uncountable
Examples:
noun.

Was there any food in the

fridge?

Was there any drink in my

fridge?
Were there?: Habían? were
there?
We use it when we ask If there were more
Examples:
than ONE thing, animal, object or person.

Were there two books on my

desk?

Were there four dogs in my

house?
 SHORT ANSWERS
SINGULAR
Yes, there was / No, there
wasn’t
PLURAL
Yes, there were / No, there weren’t
 Simple past:
Regular and
irregular verbs
Wake up your English

UNIT 8
 What is Past Simple?
✅ Actions that we did or happened in the past and
HAVE COMPLETED.
I was a singer many years I learned English 8 years
ago ago

My parrot died
yesterday

My brothers were in Tokyo last

year
 Past Simple: Affirmative form
Regular verbs
I learned English 8 years ago Irregular verbs

Subject Verb Verb in Complement

past
I form
Change Changed -My look
You
She -English yesterday
Study Studied
He
It -A letter
Write Wrote
We
You Buy -A house
They Bought
Rules: regular verbs
#1. If it ends in “y” and is
preceded by a consonant. We
remove the “y” and add “-i

#2. If it ends in C + V + C, we
double the last consonant and
add “-ed”.

#3. If it ends in “e”. We add “-d”.

#4. To all other verbs that don't

comply with this rules, we add “-
 Patterns: irregular verbs
If it ends in “i + c + e”.
We change the vowel “i”
for “o”.
If it includes “ee”. We
delete an “e” and add a
“t” at the end.
Ride = Rode Keep = Kept
Write = Wrote Sleep = Slept
Drive = Drove Feel = Felt
 Rules: regular and
irregular verbs
Cut Cut

Hit Hit Past

Infinitive form
form Cost Cost

Put Put

Shut Shut
 Negative form - Past Simple
Did not -
Didn’t He didn’t study math
He studied math

They wrote a book They didn’t write a book

My parrot died

I learned English
?
 Interrogative form:
We use “DID” ( or didn’t) + “?”

He studied math Did he study math?

My parrot died

They wrote a book

?
I learned English Did I learn English?
 Short answers:
Yes or no
questions
He studied math Did he study math?

YES ANSWER NO ANSWER

Yes, _______ Yes, _______

did. didn’t.
Subject Subject
 Plural
nouns
Wake up your English

UNIT 8
 rules
#1. To make regular nouns #2. If the singular noun ends in –s, –
plural, add –s to the end. ss, –sh, –ch, –x, or –z, you usually
add -es to the end to make it plural.
 rules
#3. In some cases, singular
nouns ending in –s or –z
require that you double the –s
or –z prior to adding the –es
for pluralization.
 rules
#4. For most nouns that end with
–f or –ef, you add an –s to form the
plural version. Be aware of
exceptions, however. For some
nouns ending this way, you must
change the –f or –ef to –ve before
adding the –s.
 rules
#5. If a singular noun ends in –y #6. If the singular noun ends in
and the letter before the –y is a –y and the letter before the –y is a
consonant, you usually change the vowel, simply add an –s to make
ending to –ies to make the noun it plural.
plural.
 rules
#7. If the singular noun ends in – #8. If the singular noun ends in –
is, the plural ending is –es. on, the plural ending is usually –a.
 rules
#9. If the singular noun ends in
–o, you usually add –es to make
it plural.

With the unique word volcano,

you can apply the standard
pluralization for words that end
in –o or not. It’s your choice!
Both of the following are correct:
Volcano - Volcanoes -
Volcanos
 rules

#10. Some nouns

don’t change at all
when they’re
pluralized.
 rules

#11. If the singular

noun ends in –us, the
plural ending is
frequently –i.
Some irregular rules

#12. Irregular nouns follow

no specific rules, so it’s best
to memorize these or look up
the proper pluralization in the
dictionary.
 Some / Any
Some Any

Some (algo) is used in affirmative Any (algo, cualquiera, cualquier) is

sentences and when you want to used in questions (algunos/as, algo
ask for or offer something. In de) or in negative sentences
these cases, there must be a (ningún/a, nada de). Note that any
reference to a number or quantity is used for uncountable and
and it is used with both countable countable plural nouns.
and uncountable nouns.
 Some / Any
Some Any
There isn’t any meat in the
There is some water in the fridge.
bottle.
This weekend, there are not any
good activities in town.
There are some new
people in the Do you have any brothers?
neighborhood.
Are there any books on the desk?
 Some
When you are offering
Some something or making
request:

Offering something: Would you like some cake?

Offering something: Do you want some milk?

Making request: Can I have some tea?

 Any
When you talk about (algo,
Any alguno, algunos, cualquiera,
cualquier):

Any player in the game can make a mistake in any minute.

If I had any money, I would travel around the world.

Are there any books on the desk?