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Lecture-1 (1)

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juttjawad100
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Computer

Applications
Introduction To IT
Lecture 1
Instructor:Zikria Mian
Computers in Your Life
• Most skill-based jobs heavily depend on the
creation, collection, and dissemination of
information.

• Computers are also prevalent in the home, as


well as in our society in general.

• Having experience with, and a basic level of


comfort with, computers is important for
everyone.
Computer Literacy

• If you are a computer literate, you have


knowledge and understanding of
computers and their uses.
What is a computer ?

• An electronic machine, operating under


the control of instructions stored in its
own memory
– Accepts data
– Manipulates data
– Produces results
– Stores the results for future use
Who is a user?

• Someone that communicates with the


computer
• Someone who uses the information it
generates
Hardware & Software
Hardware
• The electric,electronic and mechanical
equipment that makes up a computer
Software

• The programs or instructions used to tell


the computer hardware what to do.

• Application software performs specific


tasks or applications.

• Systems software allows a computer to


operate and run application software.
Input and Output

• Input devices convert data and programs


that people can understand into a form
comprehensible to the CPU.

• Output devices convert the strings of bits


used by the computer back into a form
that people can understand.
Pointing Devices: Electronic
Pens
• Electronic pen: an alternative to the
mouse to select objects or to write or
draw on the screen

• Devices that use pen input:


– Graphics tablets
– Signature capture devices
– Pen-based computers
Pointing Devices: Touch Screens
• Touch screens are
used:

– When other input


devices are
impractical

– When consumer
input is required, as
in consumer kiosks
Other Pointing Devices
• Joystick
• Trackball
• Pointing stick
• Touch pad
Display Devices
• Display devices are the most common
type of output device.

• PC displays are commonly called


monitors.

• The cursor, or insertion point, indicates


where editing or typing will appear on
the display screen.
Multimedia Output Devices
• Speakers

• Data and multimedia projectors

• Voice-output systems
Storage

• Fixed media: typically faster and less


expensive

• Removable media: unlimited capacity


and can be easily transported and
secured
Magnetic Disk Systems
• Magnetic disks are the most important storage
medium in computers today.

• Two popular types:


– floppy disks
– hard disks

• Data is written by magnetizing particles on the


disks in a certain way to represent 1s and 0s.
Floppy Disks

• Physical properties

– Most are 3½ inches in diameter and hold


1.44 megabytes.
Optical Discs
• Laser beams write and read data packed at
very tight storage densities, several times finer
than that of a typical magnetic disk.
CDs
• CDs are permanently etched when data is
stored on the disc.

• Recordable (CD-R) discs can be written to, but


not erased and rewritten.

• Rewritable (CD-RW) CDs can be used in the


same way as magnetic disks—data can be
stored and erased as needed.
DVDs
• DVDs are read-only and may replace VHS as
the movie media of choice.

• Rewritable DVDs (DVD-RAM or DVD+RW) allow


users to record on DVD discs.

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