QUALITY CONTROL

QUALITY

• Quality refers to the sum of the attributes or

properties that describe a product
• These are generally expressed in terms of
specific product characteristics such as length,
width, colour, specific gravity and performance.
 DEFINITION
• In manufacturing, a measure of excellence or a state of
being free from defects, deficiencies and significant
variations. It is brought about by strict and consistent
commitment to certain standards that achieve uniformity
of a product in order to satisfy specific customer or user
requirements.
• ASQC – Quality means the totality of features and
characteristics of a product or service that bear on its
ability to satisfy given needs.
• From customer’s perspective, quality of a good or
service is fitness for use of it.
• Customer satisfaction for the price of the product
 QUALITY CONTROL
• Quality control is a management system for
initiating and coordinating quality development,
quality maintenance and quality improvement in the
various departments of design and manufacturing,
for achieving the twin objectives of Economical
production and customer satisfaction
OBJECTIVE OF QUALITY CONTROL

• It is to provide products which are

dependable, satisfactory and economical
• To ensure economic production of
products of uniform quality acceptable to
the customer
• Aims at preventing the defects rather
than detecting the defects
FACTORS EFFECTING QUALITY

• Market : technological advancement and competition

• Material : use of raw materials
• Method : the process of production/usage
• Finance : funding involved and monetary limit
NEED FOR QUALITY CONTROL
• Increased productivity
• Reduced cost of repairs
• Increases loyal customer base
• Better profits
 STEPS IN QUALITY CONTROL

• Identification of problem
• Problem selection
• Problem analysis
• Recommendation to the Top management
 QUALITY CONTROL TOOLS

• JIT
• Quality at source
• Inspection
• SQC
• QC
• TQM
 JUST IN TIME TECHNIQUE
• JIT helps achieve quality because it is a
philosophy that seeks to constantly improve
production processes and methods.
• JIT contributes to high product quality in the
following ways
– Production is highly standardised. Workers perform
standard tasks every day. They are familiar with
their tasks. Familiarity ensures high quality
 JUST IN TIME TECHNIQUE
• JIT is a long term approach to process
improvement.
• It uses timeliness as a lever to lower costs,
improve quality and improve
responsiveness.
• However, JIT requires enormous
commitment.
 JIT FUNCTIONS
• Zero Inventory
• Zero Lead Time
• Zero Failure
 QUALITY AT SOURCE
Quality at the source is a lean manufacturing principle
which defines that quality output is not only measured at
the end of the production line but at every step of the
productive process and being the responsibility of each
individual who contributes to the production or on time
delivery of a product or service.
 INSPECTION
Inspection: It is the most formal review type.
During inspection the documents are prepared and
checked thoroughly by the reviewers before the meeting.
It involves peers to examine the product. A separate
preparation is carried out during which the product is
examined and the defects are found.
 INSPECTION

• The act of determining conformance or

non- conformance of the expected
performance is the function of inspection. By
inspection, a manager seeks to determine the
acceptability or non- acceptability of the
parts, products or services. The basis for
inspection is usually a specification which is
called inspection standard. Inspection is
made by comparing
the quality of the product to the standard.
 FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION

• The challenge is to keep inspection costs minimum,

yet realise expected quality. In certain cases every
part is inspected, in which case, it is called 100
percent inspection. When it is less than 100 percent ,
it is called partial or sampling inspection. Parts with
high value and those having tendency to run in to
large number of rejects are normally subject to
100% inspection.
 FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION

• Inspection is desired at
– Finished products and parts to know that correct
parts are to be assembled or products are right
when shipped,
– Before an expensive processing,
– The out put of automatic machine periodically
so that possible errors are confined to small
quantities, and
– Before an operation that can’t be undone, for
example, in mixing paint.
 TYPES OF INSPECTION

• Crib inspection – Early stage inspection

• On line inspection – Inspection done during
the process; done to improve product quality
during the product development stage rather
than looking at the end product
STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL

• Statistical quality control (SQC) is the term

used to describe the set of statistical tools
used by quality professionals.
 STEPS IN SQC

• Extend the use of descriptive statistics to monitor

the quality of the product and process
• Statistical process control help to determine the
amount of variation
• To make sure the process is in a state of control
 SQC AT THE RITZ CARLTON

• One service organization that has demonstrated

quality leadership is The Ritz Carlton hotel Co.
• The goal of the chain is to be recognized for
outstanding service quality.
• To this end, computer records are kept of regular
clients’ preferences.
• To keep customers happy, employees are
empowered to spend up to $2000 on the spot to
correct any customer complaint.
STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL
• An issue that complicates quality control in
service organisations is that the service is often
consumed during the production process.
• The customer is often present during service
delivery, and there is little time to improve
quality.
• The way to manage this issue is to provide a high
level of workforce training and to empower
workers to make decisions that will satisfy
customers.
 QUALITY CONTROL
Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures
intended to ensure that a manufactured product or
performed service adheres to a defined set
of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client
or customer. QC is similar to, but not identical
with, quality assurance (QA).
 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
• TQM is a approach to improve the effectiveness &
flexibility of business as a whole.
• TQM is way of organizing by involving everyone -A
comprehensive, organization-wide effort to improve the
quality of products and services, applicable to all
organizations.
• Total quality management (TQM) is the continual
process of detecting and reducing or eliminating errors
in manufacturing, streamlining supply chain
management, improving the customer experience, and
ensuring that employees are up to speed with training.
 STEPS IN TQM

• Obtain CEO Commitment

• Educate Upper-Level Management
• Create Steering Committee
• Outline the Vision Statement, Mission Statement, &
Guiding Principles
• Prepare a Flow Diagram of Company Processes
• Focus on the Owner/Customer (External) & Surveys
 STEPS IN TQM

• Consider the Employee as an Internal

Owner/customer
• Provide a Quality Training Program
• Establish Quality Improvement Teams
• Implement Process Improvements
• Use the Tools of TQM
• Know the Benefits of TQM
 ISO

• International Organisation for

Standardisation
• Geneva
• 140 members
• 1979 – Genesis of ISO 9000
 ISO 9000

• ISO 9000 standard represents an international

consensus on good management practices with
the aim of ensuring that the organisation can
time and again deliver the product or services
that meet the client’s quality requirements.
These good practices have been distilled into a
set of system, regardless of what the
organisation does, its size, or whether it is
private or public sector.
 BENEFITS

• ISO 9000 certification has become the de

facto minimum requirement for entering into
global markets
• It provides an opportunity to increase value to
the activities of the organisation, by
streamlining quality management system.
• Improves the performance of processes/
activities continually thereby reducing the
cost of production
THANKYOU