WORK STUDY

TOPICS
 Advantages of Work Study
 Method Study
 Motion Study
 Work Measurement
 Time Study
 DEFINITION

“Work study is defined as that body of knowledge concerned with the

analysis of the work methods and the equipment used in performing
a job, the design of an optimum work method and the
standardization of proposed work methods.”
 EVOLUTION OF WORK STUDY
• F.W. TAYLOR : founder of modern method and time study.
• Taylor began his time study work in 1881.
• He established that each job should have a standard time, determined by
time studies.
• In the timing process Taylor advocated dividing the work into small
divisions of effort known as elements.
• Time was obtained for these element individually and their collective
values were used to determine the allowed time for the task.
 OBJECTIVES
 To analyze the present method of doing a job, systematically in order to
develop a new and better method.
 To measure the work content of a job by measuring the time required to
do the job for a qualified worker and hence to establish standard time.
 To increase the productivity by ensuring the best possible use of
human, machine and material resources and to achieve best quality
product/service at minimum possible cost.
 To improve operational efficiency.
 To reduce waste through standardization of work elements of a job and
to improve labor efficiency.
 ADVANTAGES OF WORK STUDY
• Increased productivity and operational efficiency

• Reduced manufacturing costs

• Improved work place layout
• Better manpower planning and capacity planning
• Fair wages to employees
• Better working conditions to employees
• Improved work flow
 ADVANTAGES OF WORK STUDY

• Reduced material handling costs

• Provides a standard of performance to measure labour efficiency
• Better industrial relations and employee morale

• Basis for sound incentive scheme

• Provides better job satisfaction to employees
 TECHNIQUES OF WORK STUDY

WORK STUDY

METHOD STUDY
•Motion Study : Examine the job and
finding more efficient method to perform it

WORK MEASUREMENT
•Time Study : Determine the time necessary
to perform a job and its elements
METHOD STUDY
 METHOD STUDY

It is the systematic recording & critical examination of existing and

proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and applying
easier and more effective methods and reducing cost

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 OBJECTIVES OF METHOD STUDY

• Critical examination of facts

• Develop best possible solution
• Eliminate unnecessary operations
• Add value & Avoid delays
• Optimize 5Ms – Money, Manpower, Method, Material and Machinery

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METHOD STUDY PROCEDURE
SELECT

RECORD

EXAMINE

DEVELOP

DEFINE

INSTALL

MAINTAIN 12
METHOD STUDY SYMBOLS

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 ADVANTAGES OF METHOD STUDY

• Work simplification
• Improved working method
• Better product quality
• Improved work place layout
• Improved equipment design
• Better working conditions
 DISADVANTAGES OF METHOD STUDY

• High operating cost

• High wastage & scrap
• Excessive movement of materials and workmen
• Excessive production bottlenecks
• Excessive rejections and rework
• Complaints about quality
 MOTION STUDY

It is the science of eliminating wastefulness resulting from ill-directed and

inefficient motions. The main aim of motion study is to find the scheme of
least wastage of labour.

The scope of Motion Study was later enlarged, and it was named as
Method Study.

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 OBJECTIVES OF MOTION STUDY

• To improve the process of doing work

• To improve the design of work place layout
• To find the best way of doing a job
• To ensure reduced health hazards
• To minimize the unnecessary human movements
• To have more effective utilization of material, machines and workers
• To train the individual worker in its practice as per standardized method.
MOTION STUDY PROCEDURE
BREAK UP JOB OPERATION

QUESTION EACH DETAIL

DEVELOP A NEW METHOD

INSTALL THE NEW METHOD

MAINTAIN

RECORD 12
WORK MEASUREMENT
 DEFINITION

“The application of techniques designed to establish the time for a

qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of
performance”
OBJECTIVES OF WORK MEASUREMENT

 Comparing alternative methods

 Assessing the correct initial manpower requirement planning
 Planning and control
 Realistic costing
 Delivery date of planning
 Cost reduction and cost control
 Identifying substandard workers
 Training new employees.
 WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

• For repetitive work (short work cycle) or non-repetitive work :

• Time study (stop watch technique)
• Work sampling
• Synthetic data
• Analytical estimating
• Predetermined Motion Time Study (PMTS)

Note - Time study & Work sampling involve direct observation

while remaining are data-based & analytical in nature
TECHNIQUES OF WORK MEASUREMENT
Repetitive Work:- The type of work in which the main operation or
group of operations repeat continuously during the time spent at the job.
These apply to work cycle of extremely short duration.
Non-repetitive Work:- It include some type of maintenance and
construction work, where cycle itself is hardly ever repeated identically.
WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
Techniques Applications Unit of
measurements
Time study Short cycle repetitive jobs. Centi-minute
Widely used for direct work (0.01 min)
Work sampling Long cycle jobs Minutes
Synthetic data Short cycle repetitive jobs Centi-minute
Analytical Short cycle non-repetitive jobs Minutes
estimating
MTM Manual operation confined to TMU (1 TMU =
one work centre 0.006min)
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 TIME STUDY

Time study is work measurement technique for recording the times

and rates of working for the elements of a specified job carried out
under specified under specified conditions
 STEPS IN MAKING TIME STUDY

 SELECT : Selecting job for work study

 OBTAIN & RECORD : Details Regarding method, Operator, Job and
working condition
 DEFINE : The element, Break the job into convenient for timing
 MEASURE : Time duration for each element and assess the rating
 EXTEND : Observed time into normal / Basic time
 DETERMINED : Relaxation and personal allowances
 COMPUTE : Standard time for the operation for defined job or operation.
How to calculate standard time?
 STANDARD TIME

Standard time is used in :

Costing the labour components of the product
Tracking employee performance
Scheduling and Planning required resources
 SETTING STANDARD TIME
Steps involved in setting standard time:

 Step 1: Choose the specific job to be studied

 Step 2: Tell the worker whose job you will be studying
 Step 3: Break the job into easily recognizable units
 Step 4: Calculate the number of cycles you must observe
 Step 5: Time each element, record data & rate the

worker’s performance
 Step 6: Compute the normal time
 Step 7: Compute the standard time
THANK YOU