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Quantum Communication

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Majeed Gardi
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52 views23 pages

Quantum Communication

Uploaded by

Majeed Gardi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Erbil Polytechnic University 2024-2025


Erbil Technology College
Information and Communication Technology
Engineering Department (ICTE)

Quantum
Communication
Prepared BY:

Rekan Maqsoud
Sawsan Jasm
Supervised BY:
Fatima Muhammad
Hawzhin Aso
M.Shereen Abdullah
Rozh Ibrahim
Difference between
Classical Systems and
Quantum Systems?
Classical
Computing
In classical computing, we rely on two
types of signals: analog, which
represents continuous waveforms,
and digital, which uses discrete values
of 0s and 1s.
A bit in digital computing can be either
a 0 or a 1, and this forms the basis of
all classical information processing.
Quantum
Computing
Qubits are the fundamental units of
quantum computing.
Unlike classical bits, which are either
0 or 1,
qubits can exist in both states
simultaneously
through a phenomenon called
superposition.
Quantum
Superposition
Entanglement

Superposition allows qubits to exist Entanglement links qubits together


in multiple states at once—both 0 so that the state of one instantly
and 1 simultaneously. This increases affects the state of another, no
computing power exponentially, as a matter the distance between them.
quantum system with several qubits This phenomenon is key to quantum
can process a vast number of communication and encryption,
possibilities at the same time. allowing for faster and more secure
data transfer.
Quantum Communication
Concepts
What is
Quantum
Communication?
•Quantum communication uses the
principles of quantum mechanics to
transmit information securely. It
leverages qubits and phenomena like
superposition and entanglement to
enhance data transmission and security
compared to classical communication
methods.
Quantum Key Distribution
(QKD)

•Definition: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a secure communication

method that uses quantum mechanics to generate and share cryptographic

keys between parties. The most well-known QKD protocol is BB84,

developed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984.


How Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
works:
•Preparation: The sender, Alice, creates a random string of bits and encodes it into qubits

using quantum superposition. These qubits are then sent to the receiver, Bob.
•Transmission: Bob measures the qubits using a randomly chosen basis. Depending on the

measurement basis, he may receive the intended value or a random result.


•Key Sifting: Alice and Bob communicate through a classical channel to compare the bases

they used. They retain only the bits where they used the same basis, resulting in a shared
key.
•Security Check: To ensure security, they verify the key. If an eavesdropper (Eve) tried to

intercept the qubits, the quantum state would change, indicating the presence of
eavesdropping.
•Final Key Generation: After verification, Alice and Bob have a secure key for encrypting

future communications.
Usage in Quantum Communication
QKD is used in various secure communication applications, such as banking,
government communications, and any scenario requiring high security. It
ensures that even if someone intercepts the communication, they cannot
gain knowledge of the key due to the nature of quantum mechanics.

Benefits of QKD:
• Unconditional Security: Based on the laws of quantum physics rather than
mathematical assumptions, providing a level of security that classical methods cannot
achieve.

• Eavesdropping Detection: Any attempt to intercept or measure the qubits will disturb
Quantum Networks
Quantum
Networks

•Definition: Quantum
networks are communication
networks that use the
principles of quantum
mechanics to transmit
information securely, utilizing
quantum bits (qubits) rather
than classical bits.
Quantum
Components
Quantum repeaters are crucial
components in extending the range of
quantum communication, which is
typically limited by the fragility of
quantum states. In classical networks,
amplifiers boost signals over long
distances, but this approach does not
work in quantum communication due to
the "no-cloning theorem," which
prevents perfect copying of quantum
information.
A quantum repeater, instead, uses entanglement swapping and quantum memory to
extend the communication distance. Here’s how it works:

Quantum Memory Entanglement Swapping


Suppose you have two pairs of entangled
Quantum repeaters also involve
particles—one pair shared between Alice
quantum memory, which can store
and a midpoint, and the other pair between
quantum states temporarily while
Bob and the midpoint. By performing an
waiting for the entanglement to be
operation at the midpoint, the
established across long distances.
entanglement is "swapped," creating
entanglement directly between Alice and
Bob, even though they are not directly
connected.
Quantum Internet
Quantum Internet

The Quantum Internet is an advanced concept that aims to connect


quantum computers, sensors, and other quantum devices across vast
distances by using the principles of quantum mechanics. It’s built upon
quantum communication protocols, like quantum entanglement and
quantum teleportation, which allow for the transfer of qubits (quantum
bits) between nodes of the network.
potential
applications
1- Quantum Cloud Computing: The quantum internet could enable
multiple quantum computers to collaborate over vast distances allowing
companies and researchers to solve complex problems in real time.

2. Ultra-Secure Voting Systems: The quantum internet can revolutionize


online voting systems. By leveraging quantum entanglement and Quantum
Key Distribution (QKD).
potential
applications
3. Advancements in Scientific Research: Scientists could use the
quantum internet to share vast amounts of sensitive data securely between
research facilities around the globe. particularly in fields like physics,
genomics, and climate science.

4. Quantum Internet of Things (IoT): The quantum internet could support


a new generation of Quantum IoT devices, where entangled sensors and
communication systems transmit data securely and instantaneously, leading
to highly efficient smart grids, healthcare devices, and more.
potential
applications
5. Long-Distance Quantum Networks: One of the biggest challenges
today is maintaining quantum communication over long distances. With the
quantum internet, it will become possible to create large-scale quantum
networks that connect different countries and continents using satellites and
quantum repeaters. This would allow governments and organizations to
transmit ultra-secure information without worrying about interception.
THANKS FOR
YOUR TIME

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