Artificial

Intelligence
Unit 5
Topics to be
covered...
AI Applications
Information retrieval
Information extraction
Natural language
processing Applications of
NLP
Role of NLP and Phases in AI
Machine Translation Approaches
Process of Machine Translation
Speech recognition Algorithms
Speech recognition
Applications Robot vs Robotics
Robot locomotion and
Types Motion of Mobile
Robot Happy Ending!
AI Applications
AI Applications
AI in Healthcare: Faster diagnosis than
humans.
AI in Gaming
AI in
Finance
AI in Data Security
AI in Social Media
AI in Travel & Transport
AI in Robotics
AI in Entertainment
AI in Speech
recognition
AI in Natural Language
Processing
Information
retrieval
Information
retrieval
Information Retrieval (IR) can be defined as a software program that deals with
the organization, storage, retrieval, and evaluation of information from
document repositories, particularly textual information.
The main goal of IR research is to develop a model for retrieving information
from the repositories of documents.
In ad-hoc retrieval, the user must enter a query in natural language that
describes the required information. Then the IR system will return the required
documents related to the desired information.
IR is widely used in popular search engine like google, yahoo, bing etc.
Characteristics:
A huge data/document collection
A format of query with standard query
language The generated result model
Displaying results model
Information
extraction
Information
extraction
Information extraction is the task of automatically extracting structured
information from unstructured and/or semi-structured machine-readable
documents and other electronically represented sources.
In most of the cases this activity concerns processing human language texts by
means of natural language processing.
One of the most trivial examples is when your email extracts only the
data from the message for you to add in your Calendar.
The instance of weather report with temperature, wind, speed, humidity
are extracted.
Natural
language
processing
Natural language processing
NLP stands for Natural Language Processing, which is a part of Computer
Science, Human language, and Artificial Intelligence.
It is the technology that is used by machines to understand, analyse,
manipulate, and interpret human's languages.
It helps developers to organize knowledge for performing tasks such as
translation, automatic summarization, Named Entity Recognition (NER), speech
recognition, and topic segmentation.
Advantages of
NLP
NLP helps users to ask questions about any subject and get a direct
response within seconds.

NLP offers exact answers to the question means it does not offer
unnecessary and unwanted information.

NLP helps computers to communicate with humans in their

languages. It is very time efficient.

Disdvantages of NLP
NLP may not show context.

NLP is unpredictable

NLP may require more keystrokes.

NLP is unable to adapt to the new domain, and it has a limited function that's
why NLP is built for a single and specific task only.
NLU vs
NLG
Applications of
NLP
Machine Translation
Sentiment analysis
Spelling correction
Spam Detection
Speech
Recognition
Chatbot
Role of NLP in
AI
Role of NLP and
Phases
NLP help to communicate with intelligent
system. Helps to control computer with
voice commands. Helps human to
communicate with machines.

Phases:
Lexical Analysis
Syntactic Analysis
Semantic Analysis
Discourse
Integration
Pragmatic
Analysis
Phas
es
1.Lexical Analysis:
This is the first phase of NLP. This phase scans the source code as a stream of
characters and converts it into meaningful lexemes. It divides the whole text
into paragraphs, sentences, and words.

2.Syntactic Analysis:
It is used to check grammar, word arrangements, and shows the relationship
among the words.
Example: Mumbai goes to the Delhi.
In the real world, Agra goes to the Poonam, does not make any sense, so this
sentence is rejected by the Syntactic analyzer.
Phas
es
3.Semantic Analysis:
Concerned with the meaning representation. It mainly focuses on the literal
meaning of words, phrases, and sentences.

4.Discourse Integration:
It depends upon the sentences that proceeds it and also invokes the
meaning of the sentences that follow it.

5.Pragmatic Analysis:
Pragmatic is the fifth and last phase of NLP. It helps you to discover the
intended effect by applying a set of rules that characterize cooperative
dialogues.
For Example: "Open the door" is interpreted as a request instead of an order.
Machine
translation
Machine
translation
Machine translation is the process of using artificial intelligence to
automatically translate text from one language to another without human
involvement.
Modern machine translation goes beyond simple word-to-word translation to
communicate the full meaning of the original language text in the target
language.

Types of MT
Systems: Bilingual
MT System
Multilingual MT
System
Approaches Machine
translation
Direct MT
Approach
Interlingua
Approach Transfer
Approach
Empirical MT
Approach
Approaches Machine
translation
Direct MT Approach:
It is less popular but the oldest approach
of MT. SL to TL(directly).

Interlingua
Approach: SL to IL
called Interlingua
Then translate IL to
TL.
Approaches Machine translation
Transfer Approach:
1st----> SL texts to abstract SL-oriented representations.
2nd---> SL-oriented representations to equivalent TL-oriented
representations. 3rd----> Final text is generated.

Empirical MT Approach:
This is an emerging approach for
MT. It uses large amount of data.
Raw data consists of the text
and their translations.
Analogy-based, example-based, memory machine translation techniques use
empirical MT approach.
Process of Machine
translation
Speech
recognition
 Engineering in One Video Watch video EIO
V
(EIOV) on
Speech
recognition
Speech recognition speech recognition is the process that enables a computer
to recognize and responds to its spoken words and then convert them in a
format that the machine understands.
Speech recognition is widely used in digital assistants, smart speaker, smart
homes and automation for a variety of services, products and solutions.
Algorithms for Speech recognition
Natural language processing(NLP)

Hidden Markov models

Markov chain model is useful for observable events such as text inputs.
Hidden Markov models allow us to incorporate hidden events, such as part
of speech tags into a probabilistic model.

Neural networks
A neural network is a series of algorithms that endeavors to recognize
underlying relationships in a set of data through a process that mimics the
way the human brain operates.
In this sense, neural networks refer to systems of neurons, either organic or
artificial in nature.
Applications of Speech
recognition
Automoti
ve
Technolo
gy
Healthca
re Sale
Security
Rob
ot
Rob
otRobot are the artificial agents acting in real world environment.
Robots are aimed at manipulating the objects by perceiving moving and
doing repetitive functions without getting bored, distracted.

Robotics
Robotics is a branch of AI which is composed of electrical engineering,
mechanical engineering and computer science for designing, construction
and application of robots.
Components of
Robot
Power
supply
Actuators
Electric motors
(AC/DC) Pneumatic
air muscles Muscle
wires
Piezo Motors and ultrasonic
motors Sensors.
Robot Locomotion and Types
Locomotion is the mechanism that makes a robot capable of moving in its
environment.

There are various types of locomotion:

1. Legged the locomotion
2. Wheeled the locomotion
3. Slip locomotion
Motion of
Mobile
Robot
Motion of Mobile
Robot
Terrestrial:
Terrestrial robots move on the ground.
Wheeled robots are most common type of robots in this category.

Airborne
Robotic helicopters, robotically controlled parachutes have been deployed.

Aquatic
This type of robots operates in water, either at the surface or underwater.

Space
Robots are designed to operate in the microgravity of outer space, typically
for space station maintenance.
Happy
Ending!