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5 views

7_7-1_Matrices_ Basic Operations

Uploaded by

gambolxd2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

4 Matrices: Basic Operations


Matrix product

 The method of  Matrix multiplication


multiplication of was introduced by an
matrices is not as English mathematician
intuitive and may seem named Arthur Cayley
strange, although this  (1821-1895) . We will
method is extremely see shortly how matrix
useful in many multiplication can be
mathematical used to solve systems
applications. of linear equations.
Arthur Cayley (1821-1895)

 Introduced matrix multiplication


Product of a Row Matrix and a Column
Matrix

 In order to understand the general procedure of matrix


multiplication, we will introduce the concept of the product of a
row matrix by a column matrix. A row matrix consists of a single
row of numbers while a column matrix consists of a single
column of numbers. If the number of columns of a row matrix
equals the number of rows of a column matrix, the product of a
row matrix and column matrix is defined. Otherwise, the
product is not defined. For example, a row matrix consists of 1
row of 4 numbers so this matrix has four columns. It has
dimensions
 1 X 4. This matrix can be multiplied by a column matrix
consisting of 4 numbers in a single column (this matrix has
dimensions 4X1.
Row by column multiplication
 1X4 row matrix multiplied by a
4X1 column matrix: Notice the
manner in which corresponding
entries of each matrix are
multiplied:
Matrix Product

 If A is an m x p matrix and B is a p x n matrix, the


matrix product of A and B denoted by AB is an m x
n matrix whose element in the ith row and jth
column is the real number obtained from the product
of the Ith row of A and the jth column of B. If the
number of columns of A does not equal the number
of rows of B, the matrix product AB is not defined.
Multiplying a 2X4 matrix by a 4X3
matrix to obtain a 4X2

 The following is an illustration of the product of a 2 x 4 matrix with a 4 x


3 . First, the number of columns of the matrix on the left equals the
number of rows of the matrix on the right so matrix multiplication is
defined. A row by column multiplication is performed three times to
obtain the first row of the product:
 70 80 90.
Final result
Undefined matrix multiplication

Why is this matrix multiplication not defined? The answer is that


the left matrix has three columns but the matrix on the right has
only two rows. To multiply the second row [4 5 6] by the third
column, 3 there is no number to pair with 6 to multiply.
7
More examples:

 1 6
 3 1  1  3
Given A = 2 0 3 
B=
  5
 
  2 4 

 3 1  1  1 6
Find AB if it is defined: 2 0 3   3  5
  
  2 4 
Solution:
 Since A is a 2 x 3 matrix and B is a

 3 1  1 
1 6 3 x 2 matrix, AB will be a 2 x 2

2 0 3   3  5
matrix.
 1. Multiply first row of A by first
  
column of B :
  2 4   3(1) + 1(3) +(-1)(-2)=8
 2. First row of A times second
column of B:
 3(6)+1(-5)+ (-1)(4)= 9
 3. Proceeding as above the final
result is
 8 9
  4 24 
 

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