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9 views

Tutorial 3

Uploaded by

wwabdualhayhendos
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electromagnetics II

Tutorial 3
Reflection of Plane Waves
• EM waves carry energy as described by the Poynting
theorem.

• So far, we have considered uniform plane waves


traveling in unbounded, homogeneous, isotropic media.
• When a plane wave from one medium meets a different
medium, it is partly reflected and partly transmitted.
• The proportion of the incident wave that is reflected or
transmitted depends on the constitutive parameters (ε,
μ, σ) of the two media involved.

2
Reflection of Plane Waves at Normal
Incidence

3
Reflection of Plane Waves at Normal
Incidence
• If we suppress the time factor

4
Reflection of Plane Waves at Normal
Incidence

5
Reflection and Transmission Coefficients

• Both Γ and τ are dimensionless and may be


complex.

6
Standing Waves
• If medium 1 is a perfect dielectric (σ1=0) and
medium 2 is a perfect conductor (σ2 ∞). In
this case, η2=0; hence, Γ=-1 and τ=0, showing
that the wave is totally reflected.
• The totally reflected wave combines with the
incident wave to form a standing wave.

7
Standing Waves
• If σ1=0=σ2 (lossless); Then η1, η2 ,Γ, and τ are real.
– If η2 > η1, Γ > 0 ; max values of occur at multiples of π
and min values occur at odd multiples of π/2
– If η2 < η1, Γ < 0 ; max values of occur at odd multiples
of π/2 and min values of at multiples of π

• Where s is called the standing wave ratio


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Example 1:

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Example 2:

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Reflection of Plane Waves at Oblique
Incidence
• General form of a uniform plane wave:

12
Reflection of Plane Waves at Oblique
Incidence
• For a uniform plane wave in a lossless media,
the boundary conditions can be satisfied if:

• Snell’s law:

where
and
are the refractive indices of the media 13
Example 3:

14
Parallel Polarization

The two equations above are called Fresnel’s


equations. and are known as Fresnel
coefficients.

15
The Brewster Angle
• also known as the polarizing angle, is the
incidence angle at which there is no reflection

• If ;

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Perpendicular Polarization

The two equations above are the Fresnel’s


equations for perpendicular polarization. and
are known as Fresnel coefficients.

17
The Brewster Angle
• also known as the polarizing angle, is the
incidence angle at which there is no reflection

• If and ;

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Example 4:

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Example 5:

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Assignment
1. Region 1 is a lossless medium for which y≥0, μ=μo, ε=4εo, whereas
region 2 is free space, y≤0. If a plane wave Ei=5cos(108t + βy)az V/m
exists in region 1, find
a) the total electric field component of the wave in region 1
b) the time average Poynting vector in region 1
c) the time-average Poynting vector in region 2
2. A plane wave with H=0.2cos(10⁹t – kx – kz)ay A/m in a dielectric
medium (ε=9ε₀, μ= μ₀) is incident on an air boundary at z=0. Find
a) θr and θt
b) k
c) The wavelength in the dielectric and in air
d) The incident E
e) The transmitted and reflected E
f) The Brewster angle

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• E-mail:
[email protected]

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