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Fertility, Morbidity Census

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Nuha Filfilan
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17 views28 pages

Fertility, Morbidity Census

Uploaded by

Nuha Filfilan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fertility In demogra

phy
• IT is the actual birth performance of a group of women or to the
relative frequency with which the birth occurs in total population
or in the population exposed to it.
• This is the Result of fecundity
• Fertility behavior of a given time gives shape to the future age-
sex structure
• Produce the alterations in the size of a population
Fertility rates
1. Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
2. General fertility rate (GFR)
3. Fecundity Rate (Marital Fertility
Rate)
4. Age specific fertility rate
5. Total Fertility Rate
1- Crude Birth Rate (CBR):

It is the number of live births occurring during a


calendar period per 1000 of the average population
during the same period:

CBR= Total number of live births in a certain area and year


-------------------------------------------------------- x 1000
Estimated mid-year population in the same area any year
General Fertility Rate (GFR)

General Fertility Rate (GFR):

No. of live births in certain area and year


GFR= -------------------------------------------------------------- x 1000
No. of females in the child bearing age in the same area and year

=5 times the birth rate in any


community.
General Fertility Rate (GFR)

Advantages:
1. It relates births to women in the child bearing age
2. It excludes the influence of males in the population
Disadvantages:
1. It does not take in consideration the marital status.
2. It does not take into account the difference in age
distribution of women in the child bearing period within
the population. It does not account for the age distribution of
women
Fecundity Rate (Marital Fertility Rate)

No. of live births in a certain area and year


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------x 1000
No. of married women (15-49 years) in the same area and year
Age specific fertility rate:

No. of births born for females in a specific age group


--------------------------------------------------------------------- x 1000
No. of females in the same age group

Example: Age specific fertility rate of females with an


age from (25-35 y)=

No. of births born for females in (25-35 y)


--------------------------------------------------------------------- x 1000
No. of females in the same age group
Total Fertility Rate

It is the summation of age specific fertility rates. It


represents the number of births that would be born
to women throughout their reproductive period.
Demography
• It is the statistical using of mathematical study of size,
composition and distribution of human population.
(1) Size of the population:
Deals with three components: person, place and time (discuss if there is
any change and what would be the result of this change)
(2) Distribution:
Country surface area + % inhabited.
(3) Composition:
study of: age and sex composition. It covers also racial, religious, marital
status, etc..
Sources of demographic data:

• Censuses: size and general characteristics.


• Sample surveys
• Vital indices
The first essential step to start studying the demography
of any country is doing census.
Census means enumeration of the entire population and
the collection of demographic, social and other data
pertaining to that population at a specific time.
Most countries carry out their census every 10 years
interval and at a time when almost all people are present
at their usual places
Census
Census: enumeration of all persons in the community.

Census Population: population of the year in which


census has been taken.

Estimated Population: population of the inter-census


years; it is obtained by different mathematical methods

Mid year population: the population, whether of the


census or estimated population of a given year that is
calculated in the mid of the year (1 July).
Values of census

• It provides base line data for calculation of size of


population and statistical indices.
• It provides full picture of the characteristics of studied
population.
• It allows recognition of population problem (eg
unemployment) & provides data for measuring public
health problems.
• It helps in planning of all community programs
(economic, social, health....).
Census population: It is the number of the population
obtained by the process of census.
Estimated population: It is the number of the
population estimated in the inter-census or post-census
year.
Mid-year population: It is the number of population at
the 1 st. of July. Both the census and the estimated
population should be changed to the mid-year
population for applying them in calculating the vital
Common methods for doing a census

De jure census De facto census

1. It counts individuals at 1. It counts individuals


their legal residence wherever they actually
without regard to whether are on the day the census
or not they are physically is conducted
present at the time the 2. Much easier and
censuses taken. economic to apply.
2. Gives a factual figure, but
it is expensive and
consumes much time
Population of Saudi Arabia (2018)

Year Population Density (P/Km²)

2018 33,554,343 16
2017 32,938,213 15
2016 32,275,687 15
2015 31,557,144 15
calculation of the number of
people in between the years of
census

1.Rate of natural increase (RNI):

2.Arithmetic methods
3.Graphical method:
1. Rate of natural increase (RNI):

= Birth rate - death rate


(+ immigration - out migration).
2- Arithmetic methods
• It is assumed that the population is increasing by a fixed number
every year.
• E.g. the population of a city A in 1970 was 1000,000 and in 1990 was
2000,000. Find out the population in 1980.

Population in 1970 = 1000,000


Population in 1990 = 2000,000
Increase in 20 years = 1000,000
Increase in 1 year = 50,000
Increase in 9 years = 10 X 50,000 = 500,000

So, population in 1980 = population in 1970 + increase in 10 years =


1000,000 + 500,000 = 1, 500,000.
3. Graphical method:

• From a line graph, population of a number of successive censuses are


plotted on a graph and joined by a straight line that can be extended
to the future years.

• The graph can then be used to:


• Calculate the inter-census estimated population.
• The expected population over the future years
Sample survey

The survey differs from the census in the followings:

• It is not an enumeration of individuals.


• It needs not to include all members of the population. It uses
sample of individuals.
• Data from survey could be more specific e.g.

(survey may cover issues such as health, fertility,


the use of health services, employment and education).
Population pyramid

• A Population Pyramid is a
graph that shows the
age-sex distribution of a
given population.

• Sex is shown on the


left/right sides, age on
the y-axis, and the
percentage of population
on the x-axis.
Some characters of the
population pyramid

•Base: It represents the age group below 15


years. if it is broad: large number of births

• Top: It represents the old ages: if it is


narrow: small proportion of old ages.

•In between: represents deaths at different


age groups. If narrow and rapidly tapering:
high deaths at different age groups.

• Length: represents expectation of life: if


short: low expectation of life.
Population pyramid
Population pyramid
Population pyramid of KSA

Saudi Arabia is a young population, which also means that there will be a
continuous rise for employment needs to satisfy a younger demographic.
Thanks

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