“Smart door

lock
system”
Using Arduino
Table of contents
Chapter 3:
Abstract 01 04
Components Used

Chapter 1: Chapter 4:
02 05
Introduction Working Model

Chapter 2: Chapter 5:
Science 03 06
Conclusion
Behind it
 ABSTRACT

This project introduces the development of a “Smart Door Lock System” utilizing an
Arduino microcontroller, a keypad module, jumper wires, and a servo motor to
provide an affordable and user-friendly security solution for residential and small
business applications. At its core, the system leverages an Arduino microcontroller
to serve as the central processing unit, enabling efficient and secure control. The
keypad module facilitates user input of a passcode, which is processed by the
Arduino. Upon verification, if the entered passcode matches the pre-set code stored
in the system’s memory, the Arduino triggers the servo motor to rotate, physically
locking or unlocking the door as necessary.

The servo motor has been selected for its precision and low power consumption,
further enhanced by a visual feedback mechanism using an LED. When the correct
PIN code is entered, the LED lights up, signifying an "unlocked" state and providing
clear, real-time feedback to the user. Conversely, an incorrect PIN entry keeps the
This project effectively demonstrates key principles of electronic access control
systems, including secure code entry and immediate response feedback. Designed
to offer a practical, secure, and convenient locking solution, the system is well-
suited for homes, offices, and other small spaces that require controlled access. Its
cost-effective and simplified setup makes it ideal for educational purposes while
serving as a proof-of-concept for broader smart home and IoT security applications.
With easy assembly and minimal installation requirements, the smart door lock
system offers a robust, user-friendly approach to secure entry control, seamlessly
blending security, simplicity, and convenience.
 Chapter 1:
tion
In the rapidly advancing world of technology, smart door lock systems have
emerged as a pivotal component of modern home automation, enhancing both
security and convenience. Traditional lock-and-key mechanisms possess inherent
limitations and vulnerabilities, compromising user safety and ease of access. In
response, digital locking systems have become increasingly favored for their
enhanced security features and user-friendly operation.

This project presents a straightforward yet effective smart door lock system that
utilizes a user-defined Personal Identification Number (PIN) for access control,
laying the groundwork for more sophisticated smart lock designs. The system is
built using an Arduino microcontroller, a keypad, and an LED light that simulates
the locking and unlocking functions. Rather than employing a servo motor to
physically engage the lock, the system uses an LED indicator to signify lock status.
When the correct passcode is entered, the LED lights up to indicate an "unlocked"
This streamlined design offers a practical introduction to the principles of secure
access control systems. The combination of an Arduino microcontroller, a keypad
module, and an LED indicator makes this solution cost-effective, user-friendly, and
adaptable. Its versatility allows it to be used in residential and commercial
applications, ensuring secure and controlled access without the reliance on
physical keys. Additionally, this project offers users an opportunity to explore
fundamental concepts of microcontroller programming, user authentication, and
real-time feedback mechanisms. Future enhancements could include the
integration of wireless control, mobile application interfaces, and advanced security
protocols, further elevating the system’s utility and effectiveness.
 Chapter 2: Science Behind

In the rapidly advancing world of technology, smart door lock systems have
emerged as a pivotal component of modern home automation, enhancing both
security and convenience. Traditional lock-and-key mechanisms possess inherent
limitations and vulnerabilities, compromising user safety and ease of access. In
response, digital locking systems have become increasingly favored for their
enhanced security features and user-friendly operation.

This project presents a straightforward yet effective smart door lock system that
utilizes a user-defined Personal Identification Number (PIN) for access control,
laying the groundwork for more sophisticated smart lock designs. The system is
built using an Arduino microcontroller, a keypad, and an LED light that simulates
the locking and unlocking functions. Rather than employing a servo motor to
physically engage the lock, the system uses an LED indicator to signify lock status.
When the correct passcode is entered, the LED lights up to indicate an "unlocked"
This streamlined design offers a practical introduction to the principles of secure
access control systems. The combination of an Arduino microcontroller, a keypad
module, and an LED indicator makes this solution cost-effective, user-friendly, and
adaptable. Its versatility allows it to be used in residential and commercial
applications, ensuring secure and controlled access without the reliance on
physical keys. Additionally, this project offers users an opportunity to explore
fundamental concepts of microcontroller programming, user authentication, and
real-time feedback mechanisms. Future enhancements could include the
integration of wireless control, mobile application interfaces, and advanced security
protocols, further elevating the system’s utility and effectiveness.
1. Microcontroller Programming and Logic
Control • Microcontroller (Arduino):

A microcontroller serves as the central processing unit of the

system. It is programmed to recognize user input from the
keypad, compare the entered passcode to a stored, preset
value, and control the LED based on the passcode’s accuracy.
The Arduino handles all logic decisions, processing input
signals and generating output actions. • Conditional Logic: The
program on the microcontroller uses conditional statements
(such as "if" statements) to evaluate whether the entered
passcode matches the preset code. If the condition is true
(correct PIN), the LED is turned on; if false, the LED remains
off. This is a simple application of binary logic (true/false,
on/off) in digital electronics.
2. Digital Input and Output Signals • Keypad
Input:

The keypad serves as an input device, sending digital signals

to the microcontroller. When a button is pressed, it closes a
circuit, generating a specific digital signal that corresponds to
the number on the button. The microcontroller interprets this
series of inputs to construct the entered PIN. • LED Output:
The LED is connected to one of the microcontroller’s output
pins. When the microcontroller receives a correct PIN entry, it
sends a signal to this pin to turn the LED on, providing visual
feedback. This principle is known as digital output control,
where a signal is used to switch an external component on or
off.
3. User Authentication through Access Control •
PIN Code Authentication:

A PIN (Personal Identification Number) is a type of knowledge

based authentication, one of the simplest forms of security.
This system uses a stored PIN as the basis for verifying the
user’s identity. Authentication is achieved by matching the
entered PIN with the stored value, which demonstrates the
basic principle of access control used in security systems. •
Secure Access Principles: The concept of access control
involves restricting access to authorized users. In this project,
only users who know the correct PIN can "unlock" the door
(indicated by the LED light turning on), simulating a secure
access scenario.
4. Simulation of Physical Mechanisms with Visual
Feedback • LED as a Substitute for Servo Motor:

A typical smart lock uses a servo motor to physically control the

locking mechanism. In this project, however, the LED serves as a
visual indicator, symbolizing the locked or unlocked status of the
door without the need for mechanical movement. This substitution
allows for a simpler, lower-cost system that still effectively
demonstrates the key concepts of locking and unlocking. •
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI): The project uses simple visual
feedback (LED on/off) to communicate with users, showing
whether they have successfully unlocked the system. This form of
feedback enhances usability and clarity, principles that are
essential in effective HCI.
5. Potential for Expansion with Advanced Security Technologies •
Scalability:

The project provides a foundational understanding of electronic lock systems, laying the
groundwork for future enhancements such as integrating sensors, biometrics (e.g.,
fingerprint scanners), or wireless control modules (e.g., Wi-Fi or Bluetooth) for remote
access. These features are commonly found in advanced smart locks and involve more
complex programming, network security, and encryption techniques. • IoT Applications:
This system’s framework is compatible with IoT (Internet of Things) applications, where
smart locks can communicate over networks, allowing for remote control and
monitoring. This integration requires knowledge of communication protocols, data
encryption, and real-time system management, areas that are crucial in secure,
networked access control systems.
Chapter 3: Components
Used
1. Microcontroller (Arduino)
- Description: The Arduino microcontroller acts as the project's central unit, managing user
input, processing the entered PIN, and controlling the system's outputs. Its ease of
programming, flexibility, and compatibility with numerous components make it ideal for
this application. Equipped with digital input/output pins, the Arduino communicates
seamlessly with other elements.
- Role: Receives and processes input from the keypad, verifies the PIN, and triggers output
signals to indicate lock status through the LED.

2. Keypad (4x4 Matrix Keypad)

- Description: This keypad serves as the user interface for entering the PIN code. It consists
of rows and columns of keys that, when pressed, send unique signals to the
microcontroller by completing a circuit between specific rows and columns.
- Role: Allows user input of a PIN, which the Arduino interprets as a sequence of button
presses corresponding to the entered code.
3. Light Emitting Diode (LED)
- Description: The LED is used as a visual indicator of the door's lock status. When lit, it
signifies that the door is "unlocked"; when unlit, the door remains "locked."
- Role: Provides immediate visual feedback based on the PIN entered. If the correct code is
entered, the microcontroller signals the LED to light up, simulating an "unlocked" state.

4. Resistor (Typically 220Ω for the LED)

- Description: A resistor connected in series with the LED limits the current flowing through
it, preventing damage to the LED and overloading of the microcontroller pins.
- Role: Protects the LED by reducing the current to a safe level.
5. Jumper Wires
- Description: Jumper wires are used to establish electrical connections between the
Arduino, keypad, LED, resistor, and breadboard. They are flexible, reusable, and ideal for
prototyping and testing.
- Role: Provide necessary electrical connections, enabling communication and signal
transfer between all components.

6. Power Supply (Battery or USB Cable)

- Description: Supplies the required voltage to power the Arduino and connected
components. The Arduino can be powered using a USB cable connected to a computer or
a standalone battery (e.g., 9V or 5V).
- Role: Ensures that all components receive the necessary power to function correctly,
enabling the operation of the entire system.
Chapter 4: Working Model
Chapter 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, this project illustrates how even a minimal component set

can significantly enhance the security and functionality of a smart lock
system. By leveraging an automobile-determined passcode mechanism,
it ensures controlled and reliable access without relying on physical keys
that are prone to loss or duplication. Additionally, the design offers
flexibility, laying the foundation for future expansions, such as remote-
control access, smartphone integration, and the addition of extra sensors
to boost responsiveness and functionality. This smart door lock system
effectively balances affordability, user-friendliness, and scalability,
providing a practical alternative to more complex and costly security
solutions, and addressing common security challenges with a
streamlined approach.
 #include
<Keypad.h>const byte
Chapter 5: Conclusion
ROWS = 4; // Four
rowsconst byte COLS =
4; // Four columns//
Define the keymap for
the keypadchar
keys[ROWS][COLS] = {
{'1', '2', '3', 'A'},
{'4', '5', '6', 'B'}, {'7',
'8', '9', 'C'}, {'*', '0',
'#', 'D'}};// Define row
and column pinsbyte
rowPins[ROWS] = {2, 3,
4, 5}; // Connect to the
row pinouts of the
keypadbyte
colPins[COLS] = {6, 7,
8, 9}; // Connect to the
column pinouts of the
keypadKeypad keypad
A project report submitted for the Introduction
to Engineering by
M Sai Suraj - 24BCE1167
Atreyi Dey - 24BCE1653
Vishnu V M - 24BRS1010
Esha Sunkara - 24BMH1010
Anagha V S - 24BEC1151