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Lecture 8 Biot Savart Law

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22 views

Lecture 8 Biot Savart Law

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katalayipontien
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EEE1101: Electricity and Magnetism

Lecture 8: Biot Savart


Law

1
What is Biot
Savart’s Law?
• The Biot Savart Law is an equation
describing the magnetic field generated
by a constant electric current.
• It relates the magnetic field to the
magnitude, direction, length, and
proximity of the electric current. Biot–
Savart law is consistent with both
Ampere’s circuital law and Gauss’s
theorem.
• The Biot Savart law is fundamental to
magnetostatics, playing a role similar to
that of Coulomb’s law in electrostatics.
Biot Savart Law
Statement:
• This is Biot Savart law statement:

• Where, k is a constant, depending upon the magnetic properties of the medium


and system of the units employed. In SI system of unit.
• Therefore, final Biot Savart law derivation is,

Where
• μ0 is the permeability of free space and is equal to 4π × 10-7 TmA-1.
The direction of the magnetic field is always in a plane perpendicular to the line of element and
position vector. It is given by the right-hand thumb rule where the thumb points to the direction of
conventional current and the other fingers show the magnetic field’s direction.
• A conductor which carries current (I) with the
length (dl), is a basic magnetic field source.
The power on one more related conductor can
be expressed easily in terms of the magnetic
field (dB) due to the primary.
• The magnetic field dB dependence on the
‘I’ current, dimension as well as direction of
the length dl & on distance ‘r’ was primarily
estimated by Biot & Savart.
Source point:

General • Choose an appropriate coordinate system and


write down an expression for the differential
current element Ids , and the vector r’
Methodolo describing the position of Ids.
• The magnitude r’= r’ is the distance between I
gy to dš and the origin. Variables with a
"prime" are used for the source point.

Follow:
• The field point P is the point in space where

Field
the magnetic field due to the current
distribution is to be calculated.
• Using the same coordinate system, write

point: down
the position vector rp, for the field point P.
• The quantity rp = rp is the distance
between the origin and P.
• The relative position between the source point
and the field point is characterized by the
relative position vector r=rp-r'. The

Relati corresponding unit vector is

ve
positi
on • Where r=r = rp-r’ is the distance between the
source and the field point P.

vector
• Calculate the cross-product ds x r or ds x r. The
resultant vector gives the direction of the
magnetic field B, according to the Biot -Savart
Relati law.
• Substitute the expressions obtained to dB and
ve simply as much as possibly.
• Complete the integration to obtain B if

Positi possible. The size or the geometry of the


system is reflected in the integration limits.

on • Change of variables sometimes may help to


complete the integration.

Vector
:
 Magnetic Field Due to a Finite Straight
Wire:
• A Thin, straight wire carrying a current
Iplaced
is along the x-axis. Evaluate the
magnetic field at point P.
Importa • Note that we have assumed that the leads
to the ends of the wire make canceling
nt contributions to the net magnetic field at
the point P.

Exampl  Magnetic Field Due to a Circular Current


Loop:

es • A circular loop of radius R in the ry


plane
carries a steady current I
MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO STEADY FORCE BETWEEN TWO LONG AND
CURRENT IN AN INFINITELY LONG PARALLEL CURRENT CARRYING
STRAIGHT WIRE. CONDUCTOR.

Applicati
ons

MAGNETIC FIELD ALONG AXIS OF A


CIRCULAR CURRENT CARRYING
COIL.
This law can be used for calculating It can be used in the theory of
magnetic reactions even on the level of aerodynamic for determining the
molecular or atomic. velocity encouraged with vortex lines.

Applications

Magnetic Field at the center of a


current carrying arc.

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