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28 views

Nano-1

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AhmadLaser
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The University of Mashreq

Department of Medical Physics

Nanosicences
Lec-1 : Introduction to Nanoscience

Dr. Ahmed Al-jumaili


OUTLINE

• Introduction to Nanoscience
• Classification of nanomaterials according to their
dimensions
• Classification of nanomaterials according to their
types
• Nanoscience vs. Nanotechnology
General Introduction to Nanoscience

The nanometer is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one


billionth of a meter. One nanometer can be expressed in scientific
notation as 1×10⁻⁹ m, and as 1/1000000000 meters.
4

WHAT IS NANOSCALE SCIENCE?


• The study of objects and phenomena at a very small
scale, roughly 1 to 100 nanometers (nm)
• 10 hydrogen atoms lined up measure about 1 nm
• A grain of sand is 1 million nm, or 1 millimeter, wide
• An emerging, interdisciplinary science involving
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Biology
• Engineering
• Materials Science
• Computer Science
• Nanomaterials are invisible to the naked eye. But the bulk materials, we
can see their particles. The difference between nanomaterials and bulk
materials is that nanomaterials have their size in 1-100 nm range at
least in one dimension whereas bulk materials have their size above
100 nm in all dimensions
HOW BIG IS A NANOMETER? 6

skin

white blood cell DNA atoms


nanoscale
CLASSIFICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
ACCORDING TO THEIR DIMENSIONS:

• A nanomaterial is an object
that has at least one
dimension in the nanometer
scale (approximately 1-100
nm). Nanomaterials are
categorized according to their
dimensions as shown in Figure
2.
assification of nanomaterials according to their dimen
Two-
dimensional
Three-
Zero- One- nanomaterials
dimensional
dimensional dimensional (2D), two
nanomaterials
(0D) nanomaterials dimensions are
This class can
nanomaterials (1D), one outside the
contain bulk
all the dimension is nanoscale.
powders,
dimensions are outside the This class
dispersions of
measured nanoscale. exhibits plate-
nanoparticles,
within the This class like shapes
bundles of
nanoscale (no includes and includes
nanowires, and
dimensions are nanotubes, graphene,
nanotubes as
larger than nano-rods, and nano-films,
well as multi-
100 nm). nanowires. nano-layers,
nanolayers.
and nano-
coatings.
CARBON-BASED NANOMATERIALS

Nanostructures made of carbon are known as carbon-based nanostructures. They can have

different morphologies, such as ellipsoid, hollow tube, or sphere. Generally, these

nanostructures can be generally classified into fullerenes (C60, C80, and C240), carbon

nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and diamonds. Carbon-based nanomaterials can be classified

into four different types as follow:

A. Fullerenes
B. Carbon nanotubes
C. Graphene
D. Diamonds
COMPOSITE-BASED
NANOSTRUCTURES:
Nanocomposites can be described as multiphase nanostructures
with one phase being at the nanoscale dimension. They can either
combine nanostructures with other NPs or NPs with bulk type or
larger materials. Nanocomposites can be any combination of metal-
based, carbon-based, or organic-based nanostructures with any
form of ceramic, metal, or polymer bulk materials.
TiN-based composite nanostructures. a)
TiN@C core/shell nanowires array grown
on a carbon fiber substrate. b) SEM
image and c) high-resolution TEM image
of the TiN@C nanowire. d) Schematics
of the fabrication procedure of
graphene nanosheets (GNS)-supported
TiN nanoparticles. SEM images of the
sample at different stages: e) GNS
grown on a carbon fiber, f) ALD
TiO2@GNS, and g) TiN@GNS. a,b)
m m m

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