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Lesson 21 Et332b.pptx

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8 views

Lesson 21 Et332b.pptx

Uploaded by

Raja Sekhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ET 332b

Ac Motors, Generators and Power Systems

Lesson 21_et332b.pptx 1
After this presentation you will be able to:

 Explain the power balance in and


alternator.
 Identify the operating region of an
alternator’s capability curve.
 Explain how a governor controls
mechanical power input to an alternator
 Compute governor droop.

Lesson 21_et332b.pptx 2
Alternator Ratings
Alternators rated in kVA
or MVA at a specified
power factor

Typical: 100 kVA, 480 V


at 80% power factor

Active power Reactive


supplied by power
prime mover determined
by machine
excitation
Lesson 21_et332b.pptx 3
Prime mover sized to handle
largest active power load
expected
plus losses
Maximum active power load occurs
When Fp =1.0 so Srated= Pout

Generally
Pout Fp Srated

Most alternators supply


reactive power also so Fp
changes up to approximately
80% leading Prime Mover :Diesel Engine

Lesson 21_et332b.pptx 4
Alternator Capability Curve
150

Operating
Reactive power output
100 Range limited by machine
excitation system
50 In this diagram
Reactive Power (kVAR)

+ kVARs are delivered


0 - kVARs are absorbed.

50

100
80% lead

150
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Active Power Into System (kW)
kVAR out 80% lag
kVAR in
0.8 Leading
0.8 Lagging

Lesson 21_et332b.pptx 5
Governor - electromechanical speed control used to
maintain constant speed as machine power load
changes
Power transfer between parallel alternators is controlled
by change in prime-mover power input and speed. If
speed remains constant, then torque increases as
developed power increases

Mechanical Power In
n= constant
Speed

Increasing Torque

Torque Electric Power Out

Lesson 21_et332b.pptx 6
Governor Speed Regulation
n nl  n rated f nl  f rated
GSR  
n rated f rated

Where nnl = no-load speed of machine


(rpm)
nrated = rated machine speed
(rpm)
frated = rated frequency (Hz)
fnl = no-load frequency (Hz)
Prime-mover Governor Characteristic – relates speed
(frequency) change to alternator power output

Lesson 21_et332b.pptx 7
fnl and nnl
61.2 Hz
3672 rpm
rated f and n
60 Hz GD
3600
rpm
f (Hz)
n (rpm) rated P out

0
0 500 kW
P (kW)

Governor Droop-the slope of the governor control


characteristic.
Units - Hz\W or Hz\kW or Hz\MW
f fnl  frated
Formula GD  
P Prated

Lesson 21_et332b.pptx 8
Example 21-1: Find the speed
61.2 Hz regulation and the governor droop
3672 rpm for the machine that has the curve
GD
shown
60 Hz
3600
rpm
f (Hz)
n (rpm)

0
0 500 kW
P (kW)

f 61.2  60 Hz
GD   0.0024 Hz/kW
P 500 kW

fnl  frated 61.2  60 Hz


GSR   0.02
frated 60

Lesson 21_et332b.pptx 9
ET 332b
Ac Motors, Generators and Power Systems

Lesson 21_et332b.pptx 10

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