MOUNT ZION

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

PHASE – I

DUAL-BAND MIMO SLOT ANTENNA

FOR
WLAN APPLICATION
PROJECT GUIDE BY PRESENTED BY
Dr.V.KAVITHA R.NIVETHA M.E-CS
HOD/ECE 911721403004

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M.E -CS PHASE 1 VIVA VICE
 OUTLINE

ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE
INTRODUCTION
EXISTING SYSTEM
PROPOSED SYSTEM
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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 ABSTRACT
• Multiple-input– multiple-output (MIMO) technology has received
significant attention of researchers in the recent years, as this
technology offers higher data rate, better reliability and spectral
efficiency within the same bandwidth and power level, along with
better ability to overcome multipath fading in rich scattering
environment.
• Designing a dual-band MIMO antenna is also a challenging task
considering the fact that, in most of the cases, the same isolation
mechanism does not work at different frequency bands. Planar compact
two port slot antenna for 2.45GHz/ 5.5GHz dual-band WiFi 2x2 MIMO
applications.
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 OBJECTIVE
 To generate circular polarization, the conditions of two orthogonal

electric fields with same magnitude and quadrature phase difference are

required. Based on the idea of complementary sources. Two orthogonal

electric field components can be generated when the E-dipole and M-

dipole is paralleled to each other. providing that the directions of the

electric dipole and magnetic dipole are along the z-direction, where the

magnetic dipole can be considered as a small loop antenna with the area

of A0 and the plane of which is perpendicular to the magnetic dipole, the

far-field of the electric dipole.

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 The usage of wireless communication systems and its

applications are increasing the day by day. The interest in radio

frequency (RF) energy harvesting/scavenging has been increased

due to its advantages and RF harvesting having potential of

converting radio received signal into electrical signals. Energy

harvesting is the process of scavenging ambient energy from

sources in the surrounding environment. The antenna is

simulated in the HFSS simulator.

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 INTRODUCTION

• The slot antenna is an interesting simple, low-cost,

easy to manufacture, planar, microstrip- or Coplanar
Wave Guide (CPW)-fed, printed antenna with a
relatively wide frequency bandwidth and almost an
omnidirectional radiation pattern. The state of the art
is full of successful realizations of slot antennas with
mainly broadband functionality. A uniplanar slot
antenna for UWB polarization diversity applications
was presented.
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 • The antenna consisted of an annular slot and two
orthogonal feeding mechanisms. A cross-shaped
strip was introduced between the two feedings for
enhancing the interport isolation. A planar very
compact two-port slot for 2.45GHz/ 5.5GHz dual-
band WiFi applications is presented. This compact
antenna will be integrated in a foursector Vivaldi
antenna presented in for 5G Fixed Wireless Access
(FWA) applications.

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 EXISTING SYSTEM

• A compact 2×2 dual-band MIMO antenna with polarization

diversity technique for present wireless applications.
• This design combines the horizontally and vertically polarized
radiating elements. The effect of mutual coupling between
radiating elements is reduced by partially stepped ground
(PSG) and by the orthogonal placement of antenna elements.

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 PROPOSED SYSTEM

• A compact 2X2 MIMO antenna with dual operating bands for WiFi
applications is presented.
• The proposed MIMO antenna geometry is shown in design. The two WiFi
bands are (2.402-2.48) GHz and (5.15- 5.835) GHz with central
frequencies of 2.442GHz and 5.4925GHz.
• A high mutual coupling (S12) of around -8.4dB and -7.4dB is observed
between the two ports respectively at 2.45GHz and 5.5GHz; hence a
decoupling line was added between the two ports as design shows the
antenna’s simulated S parameters in dB and radiation efficiency.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY
S.N ANTENNA
O AUTHOR DESIGN FREQUENCY BAND

1 Swaraj Panusa, Quad Band H-slot 3.41-3.51GHz,4.64-4.75GHz,5.45-

Mithiles Kumar Microstrip Patch 5.63GHz,6.38-6.50GHz
Antenna
2 Tayfun Okan Grounded coplanar 27.55-29.36GHz,37.41-
waveguide 38.5GZ,44.14-44.19GHz,57.57-
62.32GHz
3 Mohssine EL Low mutual 7.6-8.16GHz,13.8-14.4GHz
Ouaabi,Ali Zakriti coupling

4 Sibel Unaldi, Sibel Dual polarized 0.96GHz-1.81GHz

Cimen

5 Rajib Kumar Circularly 5.49GHz-6.024GHz

panigrahi polarized

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 METHODOLOGY
• Designing the Antenna Structure: The antenna structure is designed based

on the requirements of the WLAN application, including the frequency

bands, gain, and radiation pattern. A slot antenna is a good choice for WLAN

applications due to its low profile and ease of integration with other

components.

• Determining the Feeding Mechanism: The feeding mechanism of the

antenna is an important aspect that determines the impedance matching and

the radiation pattern of the antenna. A microstrip feed line is commonly used

for slot antennas and can be designed to provide the desired impedance

matching.

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• Designing the MIMO Configuration: The MIMO configuration is

designed based on the number of antennas required for the specific

application. For a dual-band MIMO system, two slot antennas are used, and

the distance between the antennas is optimized to minimize the mutual

coupling between them.

• Simulating the Antenna Performance: The antenna performance is

simulated using electromagnetic simulation software such as CST

Microwave Studio or Ansys HFSS. The simulation results provide an insight

into the antenna's radiation pattern, gain, and impedance matching.

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.

• Prototyping and Testing: Once the antenna design is finalized, a

prototype is fabricated, and its performance is tested. The prototype testing

is done using network analyzers and antenna measurement systems to

measure the antenna's impedance matching, gain, and radiation pattern.

• Optimization: Based on the performance measurements, the antenna

design is optimized to meet the desired specifications. This optimization

process may involve adjusting the antenna's dimensions or the feeding

mechanism to improve its performance.

• Integration: Once the antenna design is optimized, it is integrated into the

final product, which may include a wireless router or other WLAN device.

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 DESIGN

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 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

• High Frequency Structure Simulator(HFSS):

High Frequency Structure Simulator(HFSS):

HFSS is a commercial finite element method solver for electromagnetic
structures from Ansys. The acronym originally stood for high frequency
structural simulator. It is one of several commercial tools used for antenna
design, and the design of complex RF electronic circuit elements including
filters, transmission lines, and packaging.

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 HFSS SOFTWARE

• High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is a 3D electromagnetic

simulation software developed by Ansys Corporation. It is used to simulate

and analyze electromagnetic fields in various structures and devices,

including antennas, microwave circuits, and high-speed digital systems.

• HFSS utilizes the Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve Maxwell's

equations, which describe the behavior of electromagnetic fields. HFSS

software has a user-friendly graphical interface that allows users to create

3D models of their structures, assign material properties and boundary

conditions,
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and set up simulations.
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• The software also has various analysis tools to evaluate the electromagnetic

properties of the modeled structures, such as S-parameters, impedance,

reflection coefficients, radiation patterns, and near-field distributions.

• HFSS software is widely used in the fields of aerospace, automotive,

communication, and semiconductor industries, as well as in academic

research.
• It enables engineers and researchers to design, optimize, and validate their

electromagnetic devices and systems before building physical prototypes,

saving time and costs.

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 APPLICATIONS

• Mobile communication

• Radar imaging

• Defense area

• All radio communication

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 ADVANTAGE

• A broadband absorption with neighboring

absorption peaks is achieved easily.
• Low complexity.
• Low power Consumption.

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 DISADVANTAGE

• Operates over a limited band of frequencies.

• It is difficult design structure for all possible
frequencies
• Antennas are big sized or complex in structures

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 RESULT

 The performance of a Dual band MIMO antenna can be evaluated

based on several parameters, including gain, efficiency, radiation

pattern, and diversity gain.

 A well-designed Dual band MIMO antenna should have a high

efficiency, ideally above 70%, to ensure that most of the power

supplied to the antenna is radiated as electromagnetic waves.

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  A well-designed Dual band MIMO antenna should provide a

diversity gain of at least 3 dB, which is the minimum

requirement for MIMO systems.

 The performance of a Dual band MIMO antenna can be

evaluated based on these parameters, and a well-designed

antenna should provide reliable, high-quality wireless

communication for WiFi applications, with good coverage,

efficiency, gain, and diversity gain.

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 SINGLE PORT PATCH ANTENNA

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 SINGLE BAND LUMPED PORT

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 DUAL BAND LUMPED PORT

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 RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA

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 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
 Bandwidth: The dual-band antenna should be designed to cover the

entire frequency range of the WiFi bands it is intended for, and it

should have sufficient bandwidth to accommodate the signal

bandwidth required for Dual band MIMO operation. Increasing the

bandwidth of the antenna could help to improve its performance.

 Isolation: One of the key challenges in MIMO systems is to

maintain a high degree of isolation between the antenna elements.

Increasing the isolation between the antenna elements could help to

reduce interference and crosstalk between the channels.

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 Efficiency: The efficiency of the antenna is an important factor in

determining its overall performance. Increasing the efficiency of

the antenna could help to improve its gain and reduce losses in

the transmission line.

 Radiation pattern: The radiation pattern of the antenna should

be designed to provide a wide coverage area and minimize the

nulls or dead spots in the coverage area. Optimizing the radiation

pattern of the antenna could help to improve the signal quality

and reduce interference.

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 Compactness: The compactness of the antenna is also an

important factor, especially in portable or mobile devices.

Enhancing the compactness of the antenna design could make it

easier to integrate into smaller devices without compromising its

performance.

These enhancements can help to improve the performance of the

dual-band slot antenna for Dual band MIMO applications,

providing better coverage, higher efficiency, and reduced

interference.
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 CONCLUSION

 A planar compact two-port slot antenna for 2.45GHz/ 5.5GHz

dual-band WiFi Dual band MIMO applications was presented.
Due to this antenna’s very compact dimensions, a decoupling
cross was added between the two ports revealing considerable
amelioration in the antenna’s two ports’ isolation.
 The antenna’s parameters were presented and thoroughly
analyzed revealing a satisfactory performance. This very
compact antenna will be integrated in the center of a four-sector
Vivaldi antenna for 5G FWA applications.

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 REFERENCES

• M. Rumney, LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless: Design

and Measurement Challenges, JohnWiley & Sons,West Sussex,

UK, 2nd edition, 2013.

• H. Holma and A. Toskala, LTE for UMTS: Evolution to

LTEAdvanced, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, UK, 2nd

edition, 2011.

• E. Dahlman, S. Parkvall, and J. Skold, 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced

for Mobile Broadband, Elsevier,Oxford, UK, 1st edition, 2011.

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• A. Krewski, W. L. Schroeder, and K. Solbach, “MIMO LTE

antenna design for laptops based on theory of characteristic

onAntennas and Propagation, pp. 1894–1898, Prague, Czech

Republic, 2012.
• W. K. Lee, M.-J. Park, Y.-S. Chung et al., “Multiband LTE

MIMO antenna for laptop applications,” in Proceedings of the

IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation

and USNC/URSI National Radio ScienceMeeting (APSURSI

’11), pp. 1354–1356, Spokane,Wash, USA, July 2011.

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