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Hypertension

Diseases diagnosis

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Hafiza Rabia Ibraheem
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15 views

Hypertension

Diseases diagnosis

Uploaded by

Hafiza Rabia Ibraheem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hypertension

Presented By:
Hafiza Rabia Ibrahim
Hypertension; High blood pressure
 Systolic ≥ 140mm Hg
 Diastolic ≥ 90mm Hg

Types:
 Primary or Essential Hypertension;Unknown etiology, can be influenced by
dietary & behavioural factors.
 Secondary Hypertension;less common ,may result by known conditions such
as renal,endocrine or neurological disorders.
Pathophysiology:
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis is determined by at least two elevated blood pressure reading on two or more
occasions.
 Stage 1: 140-159/ 90-99 mm Hg
 Stage 2: 160-179/ 100-109 mmHg
 Stage 3: >180 / > 110 mm Hg
Risk Factors:
 Smoking
 Dyslipidemia
 Genetics
 Diabetes Mellitus
 Age
 Gender as male are at higher risk
 Family History of CVD
 Medication
 Being overweight or obese
 Sedentary life style
Sign & Symptoms:
 severe headaches
 chest pain
 dizziness
 difficulty breathing
 nausea
 vomiting
 blurred vision or other vision changes
 anxiety
 confusion
 buzzing in the ears
 nosebleeds
 abnormal heart rhythm
Complications:
 Heart Disease
 Stroke
 Nephropathy
 Peripheral arterial disease
 Retinopathy
 Paralysis
 Diabetes
Medication For Hypertension:
 There are several common blood pressure medicines:
 ACE inhibitors including enalapril and lisinopril relax blood vessels and prevent
kidney damage
 Angiotensin-2 receptor blockers (ARBs) including losartan and telmisartan relax
blood vessels and prevent kidney damage
 Calcium channel blockers including amlodipine and felodipine relax blood vessels
 Diuretics including hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone eliminate extra water
from the body, lowering blood pressure
Primary Prevention for Hypertension:
Primary prevention focuses on reducing the risk of developing hypertension through
lifestyle modifications and health education.

Lifestyle Modifications:
 Maintaining a healthy diet, such as the DASH diet, can significantly lower blood
pressure levels.

 Regular physical activity, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly,
is vital for cardiovascular health.

 Reducing sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day is recommended to help
prevent hypertension.
Weight Management:

 Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight can greatly reduce the risk of
developing hypertension.

 Even modest weight loss of 5-10% of body weight can lead to significant
improvements in blood pressure.

 Incorporating a balanced diet and regular exercise can assist individuals in reaching
their weight management goals.
Stress Management:

 Chronic stress is linked to elevated blood pressure, making stress


management essential for prevention.

 Techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, and yoga can effectively


reduce stress levels and improve overall well-being.

 Establishing a support system and seeking professional help when needed


can also contribute to better stress management.
The Role Of Physical Activity:

 Be more physically active, which can include walking, running,


swimming, dancing or activities that build strength, like lifting
weights.

 Get at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic


activity or 75 minutes per week of vigorous aerobic activity.

 Do strength building exercises 2 or more days each week.


Dash Diet For Hypertensive Patients:
 The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is designed to help
reduce blood pressure.

 The DASH diet focuses on vegetables, fruits and whole grains. It includes fat-
free or low-fat dairy products, fish, poultry, beans and nuts. The diet limits
foods that are high in salt, also called sodium. It limits sodium intake to 2,300
mg per day, and ideally to 1,500 mg for greater benefts.

 It also limits added sugar and saturated fat, such as in fatty meats and full-fat
dairy products.
Why DASH Diet is prefered for hypertension
treatment instead of Mediterranean Diet?
References:

 Manual of Clinical Dietetics Developed by American Dietetic Association Chicago, Illinois-


six Edition
 Krause And Mahan’s Food & The Nutrition Care Processes 15th Edition
 American Heart Association. (2023). "Understand Your Risk for High Blood Pressure."
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). "High Blood Pressure Prevention."
 Whelton, P. K., et al. (2018). "2017 Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation,
and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults."
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/
dash-diet/art-20048456
 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension#:~:text=Hypertension
%20(high%20blood%20pressure)%20is,get%20your%20blood%20pressure%20checked

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