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Poiseuille’s Equation -ppt

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332 views10 pages

Poiseuille’s Equation -ppt

Uploaded by

xyz pqr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Poiseuille’s Equation for Flow of Liquid

through a tube

By, Ms.Alpana B. Shinde


Assistant Professor
Department of Physics
Fergusson
College(Autonomous) ,Pune
Imagine a capillary tube of length L held horizontally with radius R.

r r+d
R v r
R

A L B

Let a liquid having coefficient of viscosity η be flowing through the


capillary tube from end A to end B of the capillary tube.
If the pressure difference across two ends is constant the liquid will
flow steadily.
Let the pressure difference across two ends be P.
Let the velocity gradient be dv/dr.
Let us consider a cylindrical shell of radius r.
Therefore, viscous force = Fv = - η2πr L

The driving force arises due to pressure differences ,which makes the
liquid to flow
through the tube.
Therefore, driving force= Fd = π r2 P

Since the liquid flows steadily ,the driving force balances the viscous force.

i.e. for steady state flow condition is , Fv =Fd

This happens when pressure difference is


constant.
Therefore, - η2πr = π r2 P
L
dv = rd
r
Integrating this equation for velocities from 0 to v and for radii from R to r.

……………………………(i)
Now if the liquid flowing through the area of cross-section 2πr dr
between the radii r and r+dr in time dt travels through the distance
dx, then the volume of liquid flowing during time dt is 2π r dr. dx

Hence the volume of liquid flowing per second is given by,

………………using eq.(i)

herefore, the total flow of liquid through the entire cross-section of tube is give
This equation is called Poiseuille’s equation.
From this equation it is clear that the rate of flow of a liquid is,

Directly proportional to the pressure difference between two ends of the capilla

ii)Directly proportional to the fourth power of the radius of the bore of the
capillary tube.
iii)Inversely proportional to the length of the capillary tube.

Significance of Poiseuille’s equation:-


1)It is significant in the filed of fluid dynamics as it describes the flow of a
viscous fluid
through a cylindrical pipe . It helps in understanding and predicting how
factors like
pressure, viscosity and radius of the pipe affect the rate of flow.
2)Medical application;-In medicine, this equation is important for
understanding blood
flow in arteries and the circulatory system.
3)Engineering Design:For designing and optimizing pipelines and other
Problems on Fluid Dynamics
1) A flat plate of area 10 sq.cm. is separated from a large plate by a layer glycerine
1mm thick. If the viscous coefficient of glycerine is 20gm per cm per sec, what force
is required to keep the plate moving with a velocity of 1cm per second?

Solution:-
Given: A=10sq.cm
x=1mm=0.1cm
η= 20 gm per cm per sec
V=1 cm per sec

We know that , F= =
=2000dynes
2)Calculate the mass of water flowing in 5minutes through a tube 0.1cm in diameter ,
40 cm long if there is a constant pressure head of 20 cm of water. The coefficient of
viscosity of water is 0.0089C.G.S.units.

Solution:-
Given: r=0.05cm
L=40cm
P=hρg=20Х1Х980=19600dynes/cm2
η= 0.0089 C.G.S. units

Using Poiseuille’s equation, volume rate of flow of water is given by

V= = = = 0.13515cc/sec

Therefore ,volume of water flowing out in 5minutes= 0.13515X5X60= 40.545 c.c.

Therefore, mass of water flowing in 5 minutes= volumeXdensity=40.545X1= 40.545gm


Thank You!

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