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Statistics and Probability PPT

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256 views8 pages

Statistics and Probability PPT

Uploaded by

lilibetharano08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Random Variables and

probability distribution
Objectives:
 Illustrate the random variable.
 Distinguishes between a discrete and a
continuous random variable.
 Illustrate a discrete probability distribution.
Random Variable
 is a letter whose possible values are determined by chance.
 is a numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an
experiment. We use capital letters to represent a random
variable.

 To determine the values of the random variable in an


experiment, follow these steps.
Step 1. List the sample space of the experiment.
Step 2. Count the number of the random variable in each
outcome and assign this number to this outcome.
Example:
Suppose two coins are tossed and we are interested to determine the number of
heads that will come out. Let us use H to represent the number of heads that will
come out. Determine the values of the random variable H.

Step 1. List the sample space of the experiment.


S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
Step 2. Count the number of the random variable in each outcome and assign
this number to this outcome.
Outcome Number of Heads (Value of H)
HH 2
HT 1
TH 1
TT 0
A random variables may be classified as discrete or continuous.

discrete random variable is one Continuous random variable


that can assume only a countable can assume infinite number of
number of values. values in one or more intervals.

Discrete Random Variable Continuous Random Variable

Number of pencils in the box Amount of antibiotics in the vial


Number of soldiers in the troop Lifetime of light bulbs in minutes
Number of rotten tomatoes in the baskets Length of wire ropes
Number of defective flashlights Voltage of radio batteries
Classify the following random variables as discrete or continuous.

discrete 1. The number of defective bolts in a sample of 10 bolts drawn


from the production.
continuous 2. The height of a human.
discrete 3. The number of automobile accidents per
year in Metro Manila.
continuous 4. The amount of sugar in an apple.
continuous 5. The length of life of a mobile phone battery.
discrete 6. The number of people in the waiting line in a doctor’s clinic.
continuous7. The height of water in a dam.
Probability Distribution of the Discrete Variable
A probability distribution of a discrete random variable is a
correspondence that assigns or probabilities to the values of a random
variable. The probability distribution of a discrete random variable is also
called probability mass function.

Probability distribution is a listing of the possible values and the


corresponding probabilities of a discrete random variable or a formula for the
probabilities.
For any discrete random variable X, the following are true.

• 0 ≤ P(x) ≤ 1, for each value of X


• =1

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