Presented by: Alys and Sarah

A rc h i t e
Architectur
The art and technique of designing

e
and building as distinguished from
the skills associated with
construction.
Architectur
It is the art and science of

e
designing buildings and structures.
It involves the planning, designing,
and constructing of spaces that
fulfill functional, aesthetic, and
societal needs.
Key feature
of
 Design
It refers to the creative process of
shaping a building’s form, appearance,
and organization. It involves balancing
aesthetics, functionality, and user
experience to create spaces that are
both visually appealing and practical.
 Functionalit
It refers to how a building is used and its

y
capacity to fulfill the specific needs for
which it is designed. A well-designed
structure should support its intended
purpose, whether it's residential,
commercial, educational, or cultural. It
ensures that spaces are practical,
 Engineering and
It encompass the technical aspects that
make aTechnology
building structurally sound and
operational. This includes the use of
materials, construction methods, and
technological innovations like smart
systems, climate control, and energy
efficiency.
 Culture and
Context
It refer to how architecture reflects and
responds to the social, historical, and
environmental surroundings in which it is
built. Architecture often incorporates
local traditions, values, and materials,
making buildings a reflection of the
cultural identity of a place.
 Sustainabili
It involves designing and constructing

ty
buildings in a way that minimizes
environmental impact. This includes the
use of energy-efficient technologies,
eco-friendly materials, and designs that
reduce waste and conserve resources.
 Styles of
Architectur
 Classical
5th Century BCE – 5th Century CE

Architecture
Classical architecture draws heavily from the
principles established in ancient Greece and
Rome. Its defining characteristics include a
strong emphasis on symmetry, geometry,
and the use of columns. Classical structures
were often built to showcase power, divinity,
or civic pride and have a timeless quality due
Parthenon
(Greece)
 Gothic
12th – 16th Century

Architecture
Gothic architecture flourished in medieval
Europe, often seen in cathedrals and
churches. It is known for its verticality, with
towering spires and large windows that filled
interiors with light. Flying buttresses allowed
for thinner walls and more window space,
creating structures that seemed to reach
 Westminster
Abbey (London)
 Renaissance
14th – 17th Century

Architecture
Renaissance architecture was a reawakening
of the Classical ideals of Greece and Rome. It
was influenced by humanism and the idea
that architecture should reflect the dignity of
mankind. The style focuses on symmetry,
proportion, and the use of columns and
domes. Buildings became more orderly and
St. Peter's Basilica
(Vatican City)
 Baroque
17th – 18th Century

Architecture
Baroque architecture emerged during a time
of political and religious upheaval, often
associated with the Counter-Reformation. It is
characterized by bold, dynamic designs with
curves, elaborate ornamentation, and
dramatic contrasts of light and shadow. This
style was intended to awe and inspire, often
Palace of Versailles
(France)
 Neoclassical
Late 18th – Early 19th Century
Architecture
Neoclassical architecture was a return to the
principles of Classical antiquity, drawing
inspiration from Greek and Roman
architecture. It emerged as a response to the
excesses of Baroque and Rococo styles,
emphasizing simplicity, balance, and
symmetry. This style was often used in civic
U.S. Capitol Building
(Washington, D.C.)
 Modern Architecture
Early 20th Century
Modern architecture emerged as a response
to the industrial age, focusing on the use of
new materials like steel, glass, and concrete
to create functional, minimalist buildings.
Modernists believed that form should follow
function, meaning that the design of a
building should reflect its intended use.
Fallingwater Villa Savoye
(USA) (France)
 Postmodern
Late 20th Century
Architecture
Postmodern architecture developed as a
reaction to the perceived sterility of
modernism, embracing a playful, eclectic
style. Postmodern buildings often incorporate
historical references, decorative elements,
and a mixture of materials and forms. This
style breaks from the rigid rules of
Piazza d’Italia (New
Orleans)
 Types of
Architecture
 Residential
Architecture
It focuses on designing homes, apartments,
and living spaces for individuals and families.
Key factors include comfort, privacy, and
functionality. Examples include single-family
homes, townhouses, and apartment
buildings.
 Commercial
Architecture
Designing spaces for businesses, such as
offices, malls, restaurants, and hotels. These
spaces emphasize efficiency, accessibility,
and aesthetics that reflect the brand.
 Institutional
Architecture
Used for designing government buildings,
schools, hospitals, and religious structures.
These designs focus on functionality, safety,
and durability. It often incorporate public
accessibility and specific safety standards,
such as fire safety and emergency protocols.
British Library
(London, UK)
 Industrial
Architecture
It focuses on designing factories,
warehouses, and other spaces used for
manufacturing or industrial purposes. The
design prioritizes functionality, machinery
requirements, and workflow.
Tesla Gigafactory
(Nevada, USA)
 Landscape
Architecture
The art of designing outdoor spaces, like
parks, gardens, and urban green spaces. It
involves planning the land for public or
private use, balancing natural and built
environments.
Gardens by the Bay
(Singapore)
 Interior
Architecture
Focuses on the design and layout of interior
spaces to ensure they are functional,
aesthetically pleasing, and meet the specific
needs of users.
It goes beyond decoration, focusing on the
spatial flow, light, and materials to create
harmonious and functional environments.
 The Louvre’s
Pyramid Entrance
(Paris, France)
Thank
you