Scribd
Upload
7 views

Perceptual Errors

Uploaded by

Sayali Mhatre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

Perceptual Errors

Uploaded by

Sayali Mhatre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Perceptual Errors

Perceptual Errors
■Perceptual error means not
seeing reality Or Illusion can be
understood as reliable
perceptual error (when the
constancy doesn’t hold good)
ERRORS IN PERCEPTION

■ SELECTIVE PERCEPTION
■ HALO EFFECT
■ STEREOTYPE
■ PROJECTION
■ CONTRAST EFFECT
■ EXPECTANCY EFFECT
SELECTIVE
PERCEPTION
■ Selective perception is the process by which
individuals perceive what they want to in media
messages while ignoring opposing viewpoints. It is a
broad term to identify the behavior all people exhibit
to tend to "see things" based on their particular
frame of reference.
■ SELECTIVE PERCEPTION Is tendency to ” Hear what
we want to hear and See what we want to see”
This often results in misreading of a situation
STEREOTYPE
■“Making positive or negative generalizations
about a group or category of people, usually
based on inaccurate assumptions and beliefs
and applying these generalizations to an
individual member of the group.”
■In INDIA , stereotyping on the basis of an
individual’s religions (whether he/she is a
Hindu, Muslim or Christian) is quite common.
PROJECTION
■ Projection is the tendency for people to see their own traits
in other peoples. that is they project their own feelings,
personality, characteristic, attitudes, or motives into others.
■ People who engage in projection tend to perceive others
according to what they themselves are like rather than
according to what the person is being observed is really
like.
■ Research has found that there is tendency for managers to
give more positive ratings to individuals who are more like
themselves.
CONTRAST EFFECT
■ Contrast effect occurs when individuals
characteristics are contrasted with those of others
recently encountered, who rank higher or lower
on same characteristics.
■ The contrast effect error is common in interviews .
A candidate may be given a higher or lower
evaluation based on his/her position in interview
schedule. a candidate is likely to receive a higher
rating than what he actually deserves if the
candidates who preceded (before) him performed
very badly in the interview.
Halo Effect
■ Drawing general impression of individual on the basis of a
single characteristic. i.e. if someone is good at one
dimension, he/she is perceived to be good at other
dimensions as well.
■ There is also a negative halo effect i.e. if we find a person
to be stubborn, we may assume that he/she is unpleasant
or incapable of getting along well with other people.
■ E.g. Avoid appraising an employee BECAUSE oF one
quality because she is attractive.
EXPECTANCY EFFECT
■Expectancy is tendency to perceive people,
objects or events on the basis of what we
expected them to be in the first place. It is the
tendency to create or to find in another situation
or individual that which one expected to find in
the first place.
■ it is some times referred to as Self-Fullfilling
Prophency or the Pygmalion Effect.

You might also like