SCIENCE PRACTICE

TEST - POST TEST

 1. Cloning: A copying machine for living beings?

Without any doubt, if there had been elections for

the animal of the year 1997, Dolly would have
been the winner! Dolly is a Scottish sheep that
you see in the photo. But Dolly is not just a simple
sheep. She is a clone of another sheep. A clone
means: a copy. Cloning means copying ‘from a
single master copy’. Scientists succeeded in
creating a sheep (Dolly) that is identical to a
sheep that functioned as a ‘master copy’. It was
the Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut who designed the
‘copying machine’ for sheep. He took a very small
nucleus, then he transferred the nucleus
into the egg-cell of another (female) sheep
(sheep 2). But first he removed from that
egg-cell all the material that would have
determined sheep 2 characteristics in a
lamb produced from that egg-cell. Ian
Wilmut implanted the manipulated egg-cell
of sheep 2 into yet another (female) sheep
(sheep 3). Sheep 3 became pregnant and
had a lamb: Dolly. Some scientists think that
within a few years it will be possible to clone
people as well. But many governments have
Question 1/2 : Which sheep is
Dolly identical to?
A. Sheep 1. C. Sheep 3.
B. Sheep 2. D. Dolly’s
father
Question 2/2 In the part of the
udder that was used is described
as “a very small piece”. From the
article text you can work out what
is meant by “a very small piece”.
That “very small piece” is ….
• A. a cell. C. a cell
nucleus
Answer:
• Question 1/2 : Which sheep is Dolly identical to?

A. Sheep 1.

• Question 2/2: In the part of the udder that was

used is described as “a very small piece”. From
the article text you can work out what is meant
by “a very small piece”. That “very small piece” is
• A. a cell.
 2. Daylight on June 2022 *
• Daylight on June 2022 *Today, as the Northern
Hemisphere celebrates its longest day, Australians
will experience their shortest. In Melbourne*,
Australia, the Sun will rise at 7:36 am and set at 5:08
pm, giving nine hours and 32 minutes of daylight.
Compare today to the year’s longest day in the
Southern Hemisphere, expected on 22 December,
when the Sun will rise at 5:55 am and set at 8:42 pm,
giving 14 hours and 47 minutes of daylight. The
President of the Astronomical Society, Mr Perry
Vlahos, said the existence of changing seasons in the
Northern and Southern Hemispheres was linked to
the Earth’s 23-degree tilt
• DAYLIGHT
Read the following information and answer
the question that follow
Question 1/1 ; Which statement
explains why daylight and darkness
occur on Earth?
A.The Earth rotates on its axis.
B. The Sun rotates on its axis.
C. The Earth’s axis is tilted.
D. The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Answer:
Which statement explains why
daylight and darkness occur on
Earth?
A.The Earth rotates on its
axis.
 3. OZONE
• Read the following section of an article about the ozone layer.
The atmosphere is an ocean of air and a
precious natural resource for sustaining life on
the Earth. Unfortunately, human activities based
on national/personal interests are causing harm
to this common resource, notably by depleting
the fragile ozone layer, which acts as a protective
shield for life on the Earth. Ozone molecules
consist of three oxygen atoms, as opposed to
oxygen molecules which consist of two oxygen
atoms.
• Ozone molecules are exceedingly rare: fewer
than ten in every million molecules of air.
However, for nearly a billion years, their
presence in the atmosphere has played a vital
role in safeguarding life on Earth. Depending on
where it is located, ozone can either protect or
harm life on Earth. The ozone in the troposphere
(up to 10 kilometres above the Earth’s surface) is
“bad” ozone which can damage lung tissues and
plants. But about 90 percent of ozone found in
the stratosphere (between 10 and 40 kilometres
above the Earth’s surface) is “good” ozone which
plays a beneficial role by absorbing dangerous
• Without this beneficial ozone layer, humans would be
more susceptible to certain diseases due to the
increased incidence of ultra-violet rays from the Sun. In
the last decades the amount of ozone has decreased.
In 1974 it was hypothesised that chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) could be a cause for this. Until 1987, scientific
assessment of the cause-effect relationship was not
convincing enough to implicate CFCs. However, in
September 1987, diplomats from around the world met
in Montreal (Canada) and agreed to set sharp limits to
the use of CFCs.
Question 1/1: Ozone is also formed
during thunderstorms. It causes the
typical smell after such a storm. The
author of the text distinguishes
between “bad ozone” and “good
ozone”. In terms of the article, is the
ozone that is formed during
thunderstorms “bad ozone” or “good
ozone”?
Answer:
 4. METEOROIDS AND CRATERS
Rocks in the space that enter Earth’s
atmosphere are called meteoroids. Meteoroids
heat up, and glow as they fall through Earth’s
atmosphere. Most meteoroids burn up before
they hit Earth’s surface. When a meteoroid
hits Earth it can make a hole called a crater.
• METEOROIDS AND CRATERS
Question 1/1 Refer to Meteoroids and
Craters on the right. Select from the
choices below to answer the question.
As a meteoroid approaches Earth and
its atmosphere, it speeds up. Why does
this happen.
• The meteoroid is pulled in by the rotation of
Earth. o
• The meteoroid is pushed by the light of the Sun.
o
• The meteoroid is attracted to the mass of the
Answer:
• The meteoroid is
attracted to the mass of
the Earth.
 5. Bread Dough
To make bread dough, a cook
mixes flour, water, salt and
yeast. After mixing, the dough is
placed in a container for several
hours to allow the process of
fermentation to take place.
During fermentation, a chemical
change occurs in the dough: the
yeast (a singlecelled fungus)
helps to transform the starch
and sugars in the flour into
carbon dioxide and alcohol
Question 1/3 Fermentation causes
the dough to rise. Why does the
dough rise?
A. The dough rises because alcohol is produced and
turns into a gas.
B. The dough rises because of single-celled fungi
reproducing in it
C. The dough rises because a gas, carbon dioxide,
is produced.
D. The dough rises because fermentation turns
water into a vapour.
Question 2/3 Which two experiments
should the cook compare to test if the
yeast is the cause of the loss of
weight?

A. The cook should compare experiments 1

and 2. B. The cook should compare
experiments 1 and 3. C. The cook should
compare experiments 2 and 4. D. The cook
should compare experiments 3 and 4.
Question 3/3 When the risen
(leavened) dough is placed in the
oven to bake, pockets of gas and
vapours in the dough expand. Why
do the gas and vapours expand
when heated?
A.Their molecules get bigger.
B. Their molecules move faster.
C. Their molecules increase in
number.
 Answer:
• Question 1/3 C. The dough rises because a
gas, carbon dioxide, is produced.

• Question 2/3 D. The cook should compare

experiments 3 and 4.

• Question 3/3 B. Their molecules move

faster.
 6. MAJOR SURGERY
• MAJOR SURGERY Major surgery,
performed in specially equipped
operating theatres, is necessary
to treat many diseases. Patients
may be unable to eat and drink
after surgery and so they are
put on a drip (infusion) that
contains water, sugars and
mineral salts. Sometimes
antibiotics and tranquillisers are
also added to the drip.
6. MAJOR SURGERY
• Question 1/1 Why are the sugars that
are added to the drip important for
the postoperative patient?
• A. To avoid dehydration
• B. To control post-operative pain
• C. To cure post-operative infections
• D. To provide necessary nutrition
Answer:

Why are the sugars that are added

to the drip important for the
postoperative patient?

D. To provide necessary nutrition

 7. MARY MONTAGU
• Read the following newspaper article and answer the questions that
follow.
The History of Vaccination Mary Montagu was a beautiful woman. She
survived an attack of smallpox in 1715 but she was left covered with
scars. While living in Turkey in 1717, she observed a method called
inoculation that was commonly used there. This treatment involved
scratching a weak type of smallpox virus into the skin of healthy
young people who then became sick, but in most cases only with a
mild form of the disease. Mary Montagu was so convinced of the
safety of these inoculations that she allowed her son and daughter to
be inoculated. In 1796, Edward Jenner used inoculations of a related
disease, cowpox, to produce antibodies against smallpox. Compared
with the inoculation of smallpox, this treatment had less side effects
and the treated person could not infect others. The treatment became
known as vaccination.
• Question 1/1
If animals or humans become sick with an
infectious bacterial disease and then recover, the
type of bacteria that caused the disease does not
usually make them sick again. What is the reason
for this?
A. The body has killed all bacteria that may cause the
same kind of disease.
B. The body has made antibodies that kill this type of
bacteria before they multiply.
C. The red blood cells kill all bacteria that may cause
the same kind of disease.
D. The red blood cells capture and get rid of this type of
Answer:
• If animals or humans become sick with
an infectious bacterial disease and then
recover, the type of bacteria that
caused the disease does not usually
make them sick again. What is the
reason for this?

• D. The red blood cells capture and get rid of

this type of bacteria from the body oxide?
 8. Sunscreens
• Mimi and Dean wondered which sunscreen product
provides the best protection for their skin. Sunscreen
products have a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) that
shows how well each product absorbs the ultraviolet
radiation component of sunlight. A high SPF sunscreen
protects skin for longer than a low SPF sunscreen.
Mimi thought of a way to compare some different
sunscreen products
• two sheets of clear plastic that do not absorb sunlight;
• one sheet of light-sensitive paper;
• mineral oil (M) and a cream containing zinc oxide
(ZnO);
Mimi and Dean included mineral oil because it lets
most of the sunlight through, and zinc oxide
because it almost completely blocks sunlight.
Dean placed a drop of each substance inside a
circle marked on one sheet of plastic, then put the
second plastic sheet over the top. He placed a
large book on top of both sheets and pressed
down.
Mimi then put the plastic sheets on top of
the sheet of lightsensitive paper. Light-
sensitive paper changes from dark grey to
white (or very light grey), depending on
how long it is exposed to sunlight. Finally,
Dean placed the sheets in a sunny place.
Question 1/1 Which one of these statements
is a scientific description of the role of the
mineral oil and the zinc oxide in comparing
the effectiveness of the sunscreens?
• A. Mineral oil and zinc oxide are both factors being
tested.
• B. Mineral oil is a factor being tested and zinc oxide is a
reference substance.
• C. Mineral oil is a reference substance and zinc oxide is a
factor being tested.
• D. Mineral oil and zinc oxide are both reference
substances.
Answer:

•D. Mineral oil and zinc oxide

are both reference
substances.