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NEURON Its Function and Structure

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11 views9 pages

NEURON Its Function and Structure

Uploaded by

samanattiq19
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NEURON: Its Function

and Structure
Today we'll delve into the fascinating world of neurons, exploring their
structure, function, and vital role in our nervous system.

by Saman Atiq
Introduction to Neurons
Building Blocks Electrical Signals
Neurons are the fundamental building blocks of the They communicate through electrical signals, allowing for
nervous system, responsible for transmitting information rapid and precise transmission of information.
throughout the body.
Structure of a Neuron
Cell Body Dendrites
The cell body, or soma, Dendrites are branched
contains the nucleus and extensions that receive
other organelles essential for signals from other neurons,
the neuron's function. acting as the neuron's input
channels.

Axon
The axon is a long, slender projection that transmits signals away
from the cell body, acting as the neuron's output channel.
Types of Neurons

Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Interneurons


Transmit signals from sensory Transmit signals from the central Connect neurons within the central
receptors to the central nervous nervous system to muscles and nervous system, facilitating
system, relaying information about glands, controlling movement and communication and processing of
the environment. other bodily functions. information.
Function of Neurons
1 Information 2 Thought and Action
Processing They are essential for
Neurons receive, process, cognitive processes,
and transmit information emotions, decision-
through electrical and making, and voluntary
chemical signals. movements.
Action Potentials in Neurons
Resting Potential
In a resting state, neurons maintain a negative electrical
potential across their membrane.

Depolarization
Incoming signals cause the membrane to depolarize,
leading to a rapid change in electrical potential.

Repolarization
The membrane repolarizes, returning to its resting
potential, preparing for another signal.
Neurotransmitters and
Synaptic Transmission
1 Neurotransmitter Release
When an action potential reaches the synapse,
neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft.

2 Receptor Binding
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic
neuron, initiating a new electrical signal.

3 Signal Transmission
This process ensures the smooth flow of information
between neurons, allowing for complex neural circuits.
Clinical Significance of Neuronal Function

Neurological Disorders
Disruptions in neuronal function can lead to various neurological disorders,
1 impacting cognitive abilities, movement, and sensory perception.

Therapeutic Targets
2 Understanding neuronal function is crucial for developing effective
treatments for neurological disorders.

Future Directions
Further research into the intricacies of neuronal function
3
holds promise for advancing our understanding and
treatment of neurological disorders.
THANKYOU

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