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Ip & Subnet Mask

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Ip & Subnet Mask

Uploaded by

gfwm25hqhf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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Lecture 6

IP Addressing
and
Subnet
IP Addresses
given notion of “network”, let’s re-examine IP addresses:

class
1.0.0.0 to
A 0network host 127.255.255.255

B network 128.0.0.0 to
10 host
191.255.255.255
192.0.0.0 to
C 110 network host
223.255.255.255
224.0.0.0 to
D 1110 multicast address
239.255.255.255

32 bits
IP Addressing
32 bits
Dotted
Decimal Network Host

Maximum 255 255 255 255


IP Addressing
32 bits
Dotted
Decimal Network Host

Maximum 255 255 255 255


1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32

Binary 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111

128

8
4
2
1
64
32
16
128

8
4
2
1
64
32
16
128

8
4
2
1
128

8
4
2
1

64
32
16
64
32
16
IP Addressing
32 bits
Dotted
Decimal Network Host

Maximum 255 255 255 255


1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32

Binary 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111

128

8
4
2
1
64
32
16
128

8
4
2
1
64
32
16
128

8
4
2
1
64
32
16

128

8
4
2
1
64
32
16

Example
Decimal 172 16 122 204
Example 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100
Binary
IP Address Classes
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits

• Class A: Network Host Host Host

• Class B: Network Network Host Host

Network Network Network Host


• Class C:
• Class D: Multicast
• Class E: Research
IP Address Classes
Bits: 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
0NNNNNNN Host Host Host
Class A:
Range (1-126)

Bits: 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
10NNNNNN Network Host Host
Class B:
Range (128-191)
1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Bits:
110NNNNN Network Network Host
Class C:
Range (192-223)
1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Bits:
1110MMMM Multicast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group
Class D:
Range (224-239)
Host Addresses
172.16.2.1 10.1.1.1
10.6.24.2
E1
172.16.3.10 E0 10.250.8.11
172.16.2.1

172.16.12.12 10.180.30.118

Routing Table
172.16 . 12 . 12 Network Interface
Network Host 172.16.0.0 E0
10.0.0.0 E1
IP Address Classes Exercise

Address Class Network Host

10.2.1.1

128.63.2.100

201.222.5.64

192.6.141.2

130.113.64.16

256.241.201.10
IP Address Classes Exercise Answers

Address Class Network Host

10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1

128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100

201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64

192.6.141.2 C 192.6.141.0 0.0.0.2

130.113.64.16 B 130.113.0.0 0.0.64.16

256.241.201.10 Nonexistent
Addressing without Subnets

172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3 172.16.255.253 172.16.255.254

…...

172.16.0.0

• Network 172.16.0.0
Addressing with Subnets

172.16.3.0

172.16.4.0

172.16.1.0 172.16.2.0

• Network 172.16.0.0
Subnet Addressing
172.16.2.200 172.16.3.5
172.16.3.1
E1
172.16.2.2 E0 172.16.3.100
172.16.2.1

172.16.2.160 172.16.3.150

New Routing Table


172.16 . 2 . 160 Network Interface
Network Host 172.16.0.0 E0
172.16.0.0 E1
Subnet Addressing
172.16.2.200 172.16.3.5
172.16.3.1
E1
172.16.2.2 E0 172.16.3.100
172.16.2.1

172.16.2.160 172.16.3.150

New Routing Table


172.16 . 2 . 160 Network Interface
Network Subnet Host 172.16.2.0 E0
172.16.3.0 E1
Subnet Mask
Network Host

IP
Address
172 16 0 0
Network Host
Default
Subnet
Mask
255 255 0 0
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Also written as “/16” where 16 represents the number of 1s
in the mask.
Network Subnet Host
8-bit
Subnet 255 255 255 0
Mask
Also written as “/24” where 24 represents the number of 1s
in the mask.
Decimal Equivalents of Bit Patterns
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 192
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 224
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 240
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 248
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 252
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 254
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255
Subnet Mask without Subnets
Network Host

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000

255.255.0.0 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000

10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000

Network 172 16 0 0
Number

• Subnets not in use—the default


Subnet Mask with Subnets
Network Subnet Host

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000

255.255.255.0 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

10101100 00010000 00000010 00000000

128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
Network
Number 172 16 2 0

• Network number extended by eight bits


Subnet Mask with Subnets (cont.)
Network Subnet Host

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000

255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000

10101100 00010000 00000010 10000000

128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
Network
Number 172 16 2 128

• Network number extended by ten bits


Subnet Mask Exercise

Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet

172.16.2.10 255.255.255.0

10.6.24.20 255.255.240.0

10.30.36.12 255.255.255.0
Subnet Mask Exercise Answers

Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet

172.16.2.10 255.255.255.0 B 172.16.2.0

10.6.24.20 255.255.240.0 A 10.6.16.0

10.30.36.12 255.255.255.0 A 10.30.36.0


Broadcast Addresses

172.16.3.0

172.16.4.0

172.16.1.0

172.16.3.255 172.16.2.0
(Directed broadcast)

255.255.255.255
(Local network broadcast)
X
172.16.255.255
(All subnets broadcast)
Addressing Summary Example
172 16 2 160

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1

255.255.255.192 Mask

Subnet 4

Broadcast

First

Last
Addressing Summary Example
172 16 2 160

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1

255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2

Subnet

Broadcast

First

Last
Addressing Summary Example
172 16 2 160

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1

255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2

Subnet

Broadcast

First

Last 7
Addressing Summary Example
172 16 2 160

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1

255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2

10000000 Subnet 4

Broadcast

First

Last
Addressing Summary Example
172 16 2 160

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1

255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2

10000000 Subnet 4

10111111 Broadcast
5
First 6

Last
Addressing Summary Example
172 16 2 160

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1

255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2

10000000 Subnet 4

10111111 Broadcast
5
10000001 First 6

Last
Addressing Summary Example
172 16 2 160

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1

255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2

10000000 Subnet 4

10111111 Broadcast
5
10000001 First 6

10111110 Last 7
Addressing Summary Example
172 16 2 160

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1

255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2


8
10101100 00010000 00000010 10000000 Subnet 4

10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111 Broadcast


5
10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001 First 6

10101100 00010000 00000010 10111110 Last 7


Addressing Summary Example
172 16 2 160

172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 Host 1

255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Mask 2


9 8
172.16.2.128 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000000 Subnet 4

172.16.2.191 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111 Broadcast


5
172.16.2.129 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001 First 6

172.16.2.190 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111110 Last 7


Class B Subnet Example
IP Host Address: 172.16.2.121
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Network Network Subnet Host

172.16.2.121: 10101100 00010000 00000010 01111001


255.255.255.0: 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Subnet: 10101100 00010000 00000010 00000000


Broadcast: 10101100 00010000 00000010 11111111

• Subnet Address = 172.16.2.0


• Host Addresses = 172.16.2.1–172.16.2.254
• Broadcast Address = 172.16.2.255
• Eight bits of subnetting
Subnet Planning
20 subnets
5 hosts per subnet
Class C address:
192.168.5.0

192.168.5.16
Other
subnets

192.168.5.32 192.168.5.48
Class C Subnet Planning Example
IP Host Address: 192.168.5.121
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248
Network Network Network Subnet Host

192.168.5.121: 11000000 10101000 00000101 01111001


255.255.255.248: 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000

Subnet: 11000000 10101000 00000101 01111000


Broadcast: 11000000 10101000 00000101 01111111

• Subnet Address = 192.168.5.120


• Host Addresses = 192.168.5.121–192.168.5.126
• Broadcast Address = 192.168.5.127
• Five Bits of Subnetting
Broadcast Addresses Exercise

Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet Broadcast

201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248

15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0

128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252

153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128
Broadcast Addresses Exercise
Answers

Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet Broadcast

201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248 C 201.222.10.56 201.222.10.63


15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0 A 15.16.192.0 15.16.199.255

128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252 B 128.16.32.12 128.16.32.15

153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128 B 153.50.6.0 153.50.6.127

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