VA P O R A B S O R P T I O N

R E F R I G E R AT I O N
SYSTEM

Presented by:
Mohammad Khalid
21MEB231

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 I N T R O D U C T I O N T O R E F R I G E R AT I O N
CYCLES
Refrigeration systems are essential for cooling applications in industries, buildings, and
households. Two primary types of refrigeration cycles are widely used: the Vapor
Compression Cycle (VCC) and the Vapor Absorption Refrigeration Cycle (VARC).
While VCC relies on mechanical energy through compressors, VARC uses heat energy,
offering a more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly solution by utilizing heat
sources like solar or waste energy..

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Image 2
source:

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 C O M P O N E N T S O F VA R C

Evaporator: Absorbs heat from the surroundings, causing the

refrigerant to6evaporate.

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Absorber: The absorber is where the refrigerant is absorbed by
the absorbent releasing heat and creating a strong solution. This
strong solution is then pumped to the generator.

Generator: Produces refrigerant vapor from the solution by

applying heat.
Generat
or

Condenser: Cools and condenses the refrigerant vapor into

a liquid.

Expansion Valve: The expansion valve reduces the pressure of

the liquid refrigerant, causing it to cool down.

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Single fan condenser

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 Common Refrigerants and
Absorbents
The most common refrigerant-absorbent pair used in vapor absorption refrigeration
systems:

 Ammonia (NH3) and water (H2O).

 Low-temperature applications (down to -60°C)

 Water-lithium bromide

 Low-temperature cooling above 0°C (32°F).

The choice of refrigerant and absorbent depends on the operating conditions and
requirements of the system. 1 2 5

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W O R K I N G P R I N C I P L E O F VA R S

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 High P, NH3 vap.
Analyze
Pressure
r reduction
Generato valve
r
Evaporat
or Absorber

Strong NH3 + H20

sol.

Low P , NH3 Vap.

Condens
er
Low P, Low T , Liq. High P liquid NH3
NH3
Expansion
valve
 E N E R GY S O U R C E S F O R VA R S
Efficiency of Energy Sources in Vapor
Absorption Systems
Vapor absorption refrigeration systems are
particularly efficient when they can utilize waste
heat or low-grade heat sources, such as heat
from industrial processes, solar thermal
systems, or geothermal sources. This allows
the system to operate without the need for
additional energy input.

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 D E T E R M I N AT I O N O F C O P O F A R S

T0
Source Ts Environment
Desired O/P
COPrev =
Required I/P
Qgen
W= *Qgen Rev.
Rev. Refrige
H.E rator

QL=COPrev *
W
T0 TL
Refrigerated
Environment
space

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Source: 2

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 A D VA N TA G E S A N D D I S A D VA N TA G E S

Energy Efficient

Advantage Environmental Friendly

Low operating costs

Lower COP
Disadvantag
e
Larger size

Higher initial costs

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F U T U R E T R E N D S A N D I N N O VAT I O N S
Hybrid Systems:Combining vapor absorption and vapor compression technologies to
enhance overall system efficiency and performance.

Advanced Nanomaterials:Incorporating nanotechnology in absorbents to enhance

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heat and mass transfer properties, increasing system efficiency and reducing the size
components

Hybrid Absorption-Adsorption Systems: Combining both absorption and

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adsorption tech

nologies to expand operational temperature ranges and improve overall system

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flexibility.

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Supercritical CO2-Based Absorption Systems:Exploring the use of

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supercritical CO2 as a refrigerant for higher efficiency and lower environmental impact.
 Conclusion
The Vapor Absorption Refrigeration Cycle (VARC) offers a
sustainable alternative to conventional cooling systems by
utilizing renewable and waste heat sources. Despite challenges
such as lower efficiency and higher initial costs, ongoing
technological advancements promise enhanced performance
and broader applications. Embracing VARC can lead to
significant energy savings and environmental benefits,
positioning it as a key player in future cooling solutions

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THANK YOU

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