Scribd
Upload
3 views

Lesson 3 Isotopes and Compounds Cont

Uploaded by

lileburry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Lesson 3 Isotopes and Compounds Cont

Uploaded by

lileburry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Common

Isotopes and
their uses
Isotopes are atoms of the same element which contain the
same number of protons and different number of neutrons.

The word isotopes


were derived from
Variable Greek words isos
compositi
on which means same
and topos signifying
The number of protons place.
and the number of
neutrons is equal to the
mass number
Hydrogen – isotopes

They have the same atomic


number or number of protons
but differ in the number of
neutrons. Hydrogen-1 has
zero neutrons, Hydrogen-2
has one neutron and
Hydrogen-3 has two
neutrons.

Hydrogen has three isotopes namely protium,


deuterium and tritium.
COMMONLY USED
ISOTOPES
Radioisotope Uses
Americium-241 Used in smoke detectors.
Arsenic-74 Locates brain tumors
Carbon-14 Use in archaeological artifacts dating. Use in biological research, pollution
control and agriculture.
Chromium-51 Used to determine the volume of red blood cells (RBC) and the total blood
volume.
Cobalt-60 Used to sterilize surgical instruments.
Used in cancer treatment and food irradiation and radiography.
Determines the uptake of Vitamin B12
Iodine-131 Detects thyroid malfunction, measures the liver’s activity and fat metabolism,
and is used in thyroid cancer therapy.
Iridium-192 Commonly used for temporary brachytherapy which provides higher dose of
radiation than the Iodine-125 and Palladium-103
Iron-59 Measures the rate of formation and lifetime of Red Blood Cells (RBC)
COMMONLY USED
ISOTOPES
Phosphorus-32 Detects skin cancer or cancer of tissues explored by surgery
Radium-226 Used in radiation therapy for cancer
Sodium -24 Used to detects constriction and obstruction in blood flow
Thallium-201 Used to determine the damage to heart tissue and detection of tumors.
Technetium -99m Most Widely used radioactive pharmaceuticals for diagnostic studies in nuclear
medicine. Varied chemical forms are used for brain, bone, lived, spleen and
kidney imaging.
Used in the preoperative location of the parathyroid gland.

Thorium-229 Used in fluorescent lamps.


Tritium Used in biomedical research.
Uranium-235 Used as fuel for nuclear power plants.
Xenon-133 Used in lung function tests and is useful in diagnosing malfunction of lungs
ventilation.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL
FORMULA

1 EMPIRICAL FORMULA

It is the simplest whole-number


ratio of the atoms in a
compound, they are written by
reducing the subscripts in the
molecular formula to the
smallest possible whole number.
Example, the empirical formula
of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is
HO.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL
FORMULA

1 Molecular FORMULA

Gives the actual number of


atoms of each element in a
molecule of a compound.
The molecular formula is
always a whole-number
multiple of the empirical
formula. For example,
C6H12O6, is the molecular
formula of glucose.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL
FORMULA

1 Structural FORMULA

Tells us the arrangement or


the graphic representation of
atoms in the molecule of a
compound. It uses lines to
represent covalent bonds and
show how atoms in a molecule
are connected and bonded to
each other.
Molecular Model

1 Molecular Model

Molecular models show how atoms in molecules are arranged and how they
are bonded together, and this is very essential in giving the molecule its identity. Models
are used to represent the chemical bond between atoms. It is an accurate and complete
way to specify a compound.

1. Ball-and-stick 2. Space-
molecular models filling models
Molecular Model

1 Ball-and-stick molecular models

are a molecular model that shows


atoms as balls and bonds as sticks. It
is usually used to show the structure
of a simple molecule. The ball which
represents a particular atom is
associated with different colors, for
example, black is usually used to
represent carbon, white to represent
hydrogen, and red to represent
oxygen.
Molecular Model

1 Space Fillings model

are similar to ball and stick models in


that they are three-dimensional models
that represent atoms as colored
spheres. The difference between them
is that instead of sticks representing
bonds, as in the ball and stick model,
the spheres that represent atoms are
fused together and the size of the
sphere represents the size of the
actual atom. It is an accurately scaled
model, but is not visible, and is difficult
to see the atom of a complex
molecule.
Methane
Water
Water

H
O
H
H
O H
O
O Hydrogen Peroxide
O H
H
Assignment
Acknowledgeme
nt
This PowerPoint Presentation is made for
EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.

All rights for the Photos/Pictures/Videos/Information/PowerPoint


Clips and etc. used in the presentation are RESERVED to their
respective owners.

You might also like