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(Handling Operating System) Course 1 (1)

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10 views

(Handling Operating System) Course 1 (1)

Uploaded by

beguenine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating System

(OS)
Learning Goals
• Operating system.
• Types of operating systems.
Learning Goals
• Function of an operating system.
• Interface of the operating system (Windows).
Learning Goals
• Logical organization of documents.
• System’s usualLearning
commands Goals
and functions.
Importance
Importance
What is an Operating system (OS) ?
Definition:

An Operating System is a software


What is a Computer?
program that acts as a bridge between
the user and the computer hardware. It
manages all the computer’s resources
and ensures everything works smoothly.
Examples of Operating Systems
• Windows (used on PCs)
• Mac OS (used on Apple computers)
• Linux (popular with developers)
• Android (used on Smartphone)
• iOS (used on iPhones)

1B-6
Types of Operating
System
There are the main types of operating systems:
Data
1. Batch Operating inExecutes
System: Memory batches of jobs
without user interaction. Common in early computing.
2. Time-Sharing Operating System: Allows multiple users
to access a system simultaneously by allocating time slots
to tasks (e.g., UNIX).
• 3. Distributed Operating System: Manages a group of
independent computers and makes them appear as a single
system to users.
• 4. Network Operating System: Provides functionalities for
managing data, users, applications, and security in a
networked environment (e.g., Windows Server, Linux Server).
5. Real-Time Operating System (RTOS): Processes data with
minimal delay, commonly used in embedded systems (e.g.,
medical devices, robotics).
• 6. Mobile Operating System: Designed specifically for mobile
devices, such as smartphones and tablets (e.g., Android, iOS).
Function of an Operating System:
‫كي تكملي الدرس تقدري توريلهم في داتاشاو نظام‬
‫التشغيل‬
‫لي عنك‬
1. Process Management: The OS manages processes by scheduling and
allocating CPU time, ensuring that multiple programs can run
simultaneously without interference.
2. Memory Management: It handles the computer's memory (RAM),
allocating space for processes and ensuring efficient use of memory.
3. File System Management : The OS manages files and directories,
allowing for file creation, deletion, reading, writing, and
organization.
4. Device Management: It controls hardware devices
such as printers, keyboards, and storage devices,
providing a way for programs to interact with them.
5. Security and Access Control: The OS protects data by
managing user permissions and ensuring that
unauthorized access is prevented.
6. User Interface: It provides a way for users to interact
with the computer, typically through a graphical user
interface (GUI) or command-line interface (CLI).
7. Networking: The OS facilitates communication over
networks, including managing network connections and
data transfer between devices.
Interface of the Operating System
Windows

The interface of an operating system (OS) refers to the


means through which users interact with the computer
system. It provides the environment for users to perform
tasks like running programs, managing files, and
configuring settings. There are two main types of
interfaces:
1. Command-Line Interface (CLI): The user interacts
with the OS through text commands typed into a
terminal or console. CLI is efficient for advanced
users, providing more control and faster access to
system functions. Examples: Linux terminal,
Windows Command Prompt.
2. Graphical User Interface (GUI): The user interacts
with the OS through graphical elements like icons,
buttons, windows, and menus. GUIs are user-
friendly and widely used in personal computing.
Examples: Windows, macOS, Android, iOS.
Logical organization of documents:

Logical organization of documents refers to structuring content in


a way that makes it easy to understand, navigate, and access.
This can be especially important for large or complex documents.
Here are key principles for logical document organization:
1. Clear Structure: Use headings, subheadings, and bullet points
to break content into logical sections. A well-organized document
typically follows a hierarchy: introduction, body, and conclusion.
2. Table of Contents: For long documents, include a table of
contents to provide an overview and allow readers to jump directly
to specific sections.
3. Consistency: Use consistent formatting (fonts, margins, and
headings) and layout throughout the document to help readers
follow the flow.
4. Logical Flow: Arrange the content so that each section naturally
leads to the next. The progression should be clear and coherent.
For example, background information should come before detailed
analysis.
5. Indexing and Search ability: Use keywords, tags, or an index (in
larger documents) to improve search ability and make it easier to
find specific information.
System’s usual commands and functions
‫هدا ديريه درس وحده وفقط تعليمات ويندوز‬
Here’s a simplified explanation of common system commands in
operating systems:
1. File Management:
(Linux/macOS): Lists files and folders in the current directory.
(Windows): Lists files and folders in the current directory.
CD: Changes the current directory to another directory.
(Linux/macOS): Copies files or folders.
(Linux/macOS): Moves or renames files or folders.
(Windows): Deletes files.
(Linux/macOS): Removes files or folders.
2. System Information:
(Linux/macOS): Displays system information. systeminfo
(Windows): Displays detailed information about the
system.
(Linux/macOS): Shows running processes and resource
usage.
(Windows): Lists running processes.
3. Networking:
ping: Checks the network connection to another device.
ifconfig or ip a (Linux): Displays network interface details.
(Windows): Displays network configuration. netstat:
Displays network connections and routing tables.
4. Process Management:
ps (Linux/macOS): Displays running processes.
taskkill (Windows): Ends a process by its ID.
kill (Linux/macOS): Terminates a specific process.
5. Disk Management:
df (Linux/macOS): Displays disk space usage.
chkdsk (Windows): Checks and fixes disk errors.
mount (Linux/macOS): Mounts a storage device or filesystem.
6. Permissions and User Management:
chmod (Linux/macOS): Changes file permissions.
chown (Linux/macOS): Changes file ownership.
adduser or useradd (Linux): Creates a new user.
net user (Windows): Adds or modifies user accounts.

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