Computer hardware

components
G11 – Level one
Hajer Elsayed
Mansoura University

Department of Information
Technology

Dr. Aya Mohamed Elzoghby.

Table of contents
06. Graphics Processing
01. Introduction Unit (GPU)

07. Power Supply Unit

02. Central Processing Unit (PSU)
(CPU)
08. Interactions and
03. Random Access Execution of Tasks
Memory (RAM)
09. Importance for
04. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) Computer Performance
or Solid State Drive and User Experience
(SSD)
05. Motherboard 10. Recent Advancements
and Trends
Introduction
Overview:
Our goal is to define each component,
explain their functions within a computer
system, showcase their interactions that
enable tasks execution and application
running, and discuss their significance in
enhancing computer performance and user
experience. Additionally, we will explore
recent advancements and trends in
computer hardware, providing a
comprehensive overview of the technological
landscape shaping modern computing."
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Definition and
Function: Examples
CPU is the computer's Intel Core i7-11700K:
brain, executing High performance for
instructions and gaming and
performing calculations multitasking.
for software programs. AMD Ryzen 9 5950X:
Components: Ideal for content
ALU: Handles creation and
arithmetic and logic intensive tasks.
operations. Importance for
CU: Controls data Performance:
flow and execution CPU speed impacts
Clockcoordination.
Speed and system
responsiveness and
Cores: multitasking
Clock Speed (GHz): efficiency.
Determines Upgrading CPU
instruction execution enhances overall
rate. computer
Cores: Enable performance.
multitasking and
 Random Access Memory
(RAM)

Definition and
Function: Importance:

RAM is temporary memory

Critical for system
for quick data access by
speed, responsiveness,
the CPU during tasks and
and multitasking
applications. Types and Speed: efficiency.
Enables faster processing DDR (e.g., DDR3, DDR4, Ensures smooth
and multitasking by storing DDR5): Varies in speed operation of
active data and and capacity. applications without
instructions. SRAM: Faster but slowdowns.
costlier, often used in
cache memory.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive
(SSD)

HDDs use spinning disks for storage, while

SSDs rely on flash memory for faster access.
HDDs are slower but offer higher capacity at a
lower cost, suitable for mass storage. SSDs are
faster, durable, and ideal for operating
systems and applications, albeit at a higher
cost per GB. Recent advancements include
PCIe 4.0 SSDs for faster data transfer and
hybrid drives combining HDD storage with SSD
speed.
 Motherboard

1 Definition and Function: Components

4
The
motherboard is CPU Socket/
the main circuit RAM Slots/
board in a PCIe Slots/
computer that SATA Ports/
connects all
2 3 USB Ports
components.
Introduction
• plays a role in Importance Recent
system Advanceme Introduction of
integration, PCIe 4.0 and
nts
providing PCIe 5.0 for
connectivity faster data
for transfer rates.
components.
 Graphics Processing Unit
(GPU)
Types: Memory and
Integrated GPUs: Bandwidth:
Basic graphics VRAM stores
tasks. graphics data,
Definition Discrete GPUs: higher capacity
and Dedicated cards and bandwidth
Function: for graphics improve
GPU: Specialized processing. performance and Importance:
processor for quality. Crucial for smooth
graphics rendering gaming, fast
and visual effects, rendering,
enhancing efficient AI
performance in processing, and
graphical overall system
applications and performance.
games.
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Definition and Function:
• The PSU is a crucial
component that converts
AC power from the
electrical outlet into DC Wattage and Efficiency:
power usable by
computer components. • PSU wattage is measured
• It provides stable and in watts (W) and
Connectors and
regulated power to the determines the amount of Modular Design:
motherboard, CPU, GPU, power it can supply to the
• PSU connectors include
and other peripherals, system.
ATX, EPS, PCIe, SATA, and
ensuring their proper • Efficiency rating (80 PLUS
peripheral connectors for
function. Bronze, Silver, Gold,
various components.
Platinum, Titanium)
• Modular PSUs allow users
indicates how effectively
to connect only the
the PSU converts AC
necessary cables,
power into DC power,
reducing clutter and
minimizing energy waste.
improving airflow in the
computer case.
 Interactions and Execution of Tasks
CPU and RAM Storage Access: HDDs
Interaction: The CPU and SSDs store and
retrieves instructions and 1 6 retrieve data, with SSDs
data from RAM for offering faster access
processing, utilizing high- times and improved
speed data transfer paths. system responsiveness.
Cache Memory: CPU Networking and Data
caches store data,
2 7 Transfer: Network
reducing access times and interfaces manage data
improving performance. Components transfer between the
Data Transfer between computer and external
Components: PCIe lanes 3 8 networks, such as the
facilitate high-speed data internet or local networks.
transfer between the CPU, Peripheral Devices:
GPU, and storage devices. Input/output devices like
Operating System
4 9 keyboards, mice, and
Management: The OS
monitors interact with the
allocates resources,
CPU and GPU to enable
schedules tasks, and
user interaction and data
manages memory to
display.
optimize system
performance. Application Execution:
Multitasking: enable
5 10 Software applications
simultaneous execution of utilize system resources.
multiple tasks.
Importance for Computer
Performance and User Experience
1. CPU and GPU Performance:
Efficient CPU and GPU
operation directly impacts
system speed,
responsiveness, and
graphical quality, crucial for
tasks like gaming, video
editing, and 3D rendering.
2. RAM and Storage Speed:
Adequate RAM capacity and
fast storage (SSD) improve
multitasking, application
loading times, and overall
system responsiveness.
3. Motherboard Compatibility:
The motherboard's
compatibility with
components like CPU, GPU,
and RAM ensures optimal
performance and stability,
 Recent Advancements and Trends

Recent advancements in Cutting-edge CPUs and GPUs

computer hardware offer higher performance and
include faster CPUs and energy efficiency, while
GPUs with improved innovations in storage speed
efficiency. Additionally, and AI acceleration redefine
trends like ray tracing, AI computing capabilities.
acceleration, high-speed Additionally, advancements in
storage, and sustainable connectivity, cooling solutions,
computing are shaping the and security features enhance
future of computing. user experiences and system
reliability.
Conclusion
● Optimal Performance: Hardware compatibility and
synergy between components ensure optimal system
performance and stability.
● Enhanced User Experience: Recent advancements in
hardware technology improve user experiences,
productivity, and creativity.
● Future Innovations: Ongoing developments in AI,
connectivity, sustainability, and customization pave
the way for more intelligent and efficient computing
solutions.
● Continuous Learning: Staying informed about new
trends and technologies is essential for maximizing
computing potential and driving innovation across
industries.
 RESOURCES
New
Mansoura
University

Books Online Websites

• "Information Technology for Beginners" by John • Coursera: Introduction to Networking

Smith • edX: Cybersecurity Fundamentals
• "Cybersecurity Essentials" by Sarah Johnson • Udemy: Cloud Computing Basics
• "Cloud Computing Explained" by Mark Anderson
• Reddit - r/ITCareerQuestions
• Stack Exchange - https://stackexchange.com/
• LinkedIn Groups: IT Professionals Network
Scientific Journals
• Krebs on Security (https://krebsonsecurity.com/)
• Dark Reading (https://www.darkreading.com/)
• The Verge (https://www.theverge.com/tech)
Links

• TechCrunch (https://techcrunch.com/) Professional Organizations

• Wired (https://www.wired.com/)
• IT Pro Today (https://www.itprotoday.com/) • Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) -
www.acm.org
• International Association of Privacy Professionals
(IAPP) - www.iapp.org