Chapter 15 Integration

© Cambridge University Press 2018

 Integration from a given derivative

Sometimes you are given a function and its derivative or asked to show that a
function differentiates to a particular form and are then asked to use that to find
an integral.

This usually involves some form of manipulation.

Here are some examples.

© Cambridge University Press 2018 Slide 1 of 7

 Worked Example 10

d  x 2  1  2(3 x 2  3 x  1) (3 x 2  3 x  1)
Show that  
dx  4 x  3  4 x  3  3
. Hence find  4 x  3  3
dx.

1
Let u = x2 + 1 and v 4 x  3 2

du dv 1 
1
2x  4 x  3 2 4
dx dx 2
1 1
dy vdu  udv (4x  3) 2 x   x  12 4 x  3 2 
2 2
 2

dx v 4x  3

© Cambridge University Press 2018 Slide 2 of 7

 Worked Example 10

d  x 2  1  2(3 x 2  3 x  1) (3 x 2  3 x  1)
Show that  
dx  4 x  3  4 x  3  3
. Hence find  4 x  3  3
dx.

1 1
dy vdu  udv (4x  3) 2 x  x  12 4 x  3 2 x(4 x  3)  x 2  12
2 
2 2
 2
   
 
3 3
dx v 4 x 3 4 x 3 (4x  3) 2
4 x  32
8 x 2  6 x  2 x 2  2 6 x 2  6 x  2 2(3 x 2  3 x  1)
 3  
(4x  3) 2
(4x  3) 3
(4x  3)3

© Cambridge University Press 2018 Slide 3 of 7

 Worked Example 10

integrate
2
d  x 2  1  2(3 x 2  3 x  1) (3 x 2  3 x  1)
Show that  
dx  4 x  3  4 x  3  3
.

Hence find
4 x  3  3
dx.

differentiate

(3 x 2  3 x  1) 1 2(3 x 2  3 x  1) 1 x2 1
 4 x  3 3
dx 
2 
4 x  3  3
dx  
2 4x  3

Answer x2 1
c
2 4x  3
© Cambridge University Press 2018 Slide 4 of 7
 Worked Example 11

Differentiate x sin x with respect to x. Hence find x cos x dx.

Let u = x and v sin x integrate
du dv
1 cos x d
dx dx  x sin x  sin x  x cos x
dy dx
vdu  udv sin x  x cos x
dx differentiate

(sin x  x cos x) dx x sin x sin x dx  x cos x dx x sin x

x cos x dx x sin x  sin x dx
Answer
x cos x dx x sin x  cos x  c
© Cambridge University Press 2018 Slide 5 of 7
 Worked Example 12

1
7 x3  3x 2  5
Differentiate x 3
2 x  1 with respect to x. Hence find
1
 2x  1
dx.

Let u = x3 and v (2 x  1)2

1
du dv 1 
3x2  (2 x  1) 2 2
dx dx 2
dy
vdu  udv
dx 1 1 2 3 3 2 3
2 3
 (2 x  1)(3 x ) x 6 x  3 x  x
(2 x  1) 2 (3 x )  x (2 x  1) 2   
2x  1 2x  1 2x  1

Answer 7 x3  3x 2
2x  1
© Cambridge University Press 2018 Slide 6 of 7
 integrate

d 3 7 x3  3x 2
Worked Example 12 x 2x  1 
dx 2x  1

differentiate
7 x3  3x 2  5
Differentiate x 3 2 x  1 with respect to x. Hence find
3 2
 2x  1
dx.
7 x  3x
 2x  1
dx  x 3 2 x  1
2
7 x3  3x 2 5 5
 2x  1
dx 
 2x  1
dx  x3 2 x  1 
 2x  1
dx
1
3
7 x  3x  5 2 1
5 2 x  1 2

 

dx  x 2 x  1  5 2 x  1 2 dx  x 2 x  1  1
3 3

2x  1 2 2

Answer
x3 2 x  1  5 2 x  1  c

© Cambridge University Press 2018 Slide 7 of 7