Inside of the

Computers
Module 2
Eng Hamza

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 Objectives
• Inside the case
• Motherboard
• Processors
• Cloud computing
• Computer Memory
• Expansion cards
• Power supply and batteries

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 1. Inside the case (Slide 1 of 7)
• The case contains and protects the electronics of the computer or mobile
device from damage.

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 1. Inside the case (Slide 2 of 7)
• Electronic components inside the case
• Sound card
• Power supply
• Hard disk
• Battery
• Processor
• RAM
• Heat sink and fun

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 1. Inside the case (Slide 3 of 7)
• Recall that the term, system unit, refers to the case on a desktop that contains
and protects the motherboard, hard drive, memory, and other electronic
components.
• Some desktops have a tower system unit that is a device separate from the
monitor.
• Others that house the display and the system unit in the same case are called
an all-in-one.
• Peripheral devices normally occupy space outside the system unit and
communicate with the system unit using wired or wireless technology.

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 1. Inside the case (Slide 4 of 7)
• The motherboard serves as a single platform to connect all of the parts of a
computer together.
• It connects the CPU, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card, sound
card, and other ports and expansion cards directly or via cables.
• It can be considered as the backbone of a computer.

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 1. Inside the case (Slide 5 of 7)
The motherboard

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 1. Inside the case (Slide 6 of 7)
Features of Motherboard
A motherboard comes with following features:
• Motherboard varies greatly in supporting various types of components.
• Motherboard supports a single type of CPU and few types of memories.
• Video cards, hard disks, sound cards have to be compatible with the
motherboard to function properly.
• Motherboards, cases, and power supplies must be compatible to work
properly together.

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 1. Inside the case (Slide 7 of 7)
Popular Manufacturers
Following are the popular manufacturers of the motherboard.
• Intel
• ASUS
• ABIT

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 2. Processors (1 of 5)
• The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and
carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

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 2. Processors (2 of 5)
• The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Intel and
AMD

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 2. Processors (3 of 5)
• A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to malfunction or fail
• Require additional cooling
• Heat sinks
• Liquid cooling technology
• Cooling pads

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 2. Processors (4 of 5)
This photo shows a heat sink being attached to the top of a processor to prevent
the chip from overheating.

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 2. Processors (5 of 5)
A laptop cooling pad helps reduce heat generated by a laptop.

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 3. Computer Memory (1 of 10)
• Computer memory refers to storage area where data is stored. It is two types:
• Primary Memory
• Secondary Memory

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 3. Computer Memory (2 of 10)
Primary Memory
• Primary memory is the main memory of computer present in motherboard.
• Primary memory is two types as shown in the image below.

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 3. Computer Memory (3 of 10)
Random Access Memory

• RAM is referred as temporary memory, in which, information stored is lost once

• Instructions written in this memory can be modified; hence it is also known as

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 3. Computer Memory (4 of 10)
Functions of RAM are as follows:
• It stores data till it gets processed.
• It stores instructions for data processing.
• It acts as a working space where data processing takes place and intermediate results
are stored.
• It stores processed data/results before it is sent to output devices.

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 3. Computer Memory (5 of 10)
Read Only Memory

• ROM is referred as permanent memory, in which information stored is available

• Instructions stored in this memory can only be read and cannot be modified.

• Mostly ROM has a start-up instruction which is executed every time when
computer is switched on.

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 3. Computer Memory (6 of 10)
Read Only Memory

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 3. Computer Memory (7 of 10)
The below table jots down the major differences between RAM and ROM:

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 3. Computer Memory (8 of 10)
Secondary Memory

• Sometimes when data to be processed is large, it cannot fit in primary memory

• Secondary memory helps to store information permanently and is non-volatile.

• Examples of secondary storage memory are floppy disk, CD, DVD, hard drive,
etc.

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 3. Computer Memory (9 of 10)
Secondary Memory

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 3. Computer Memory (10 of 10)
Characteristics of Secondary Memory
• It is a non-volatile memory.

• Data is permanently stored even if power is switched off.

• It is used for storage of data in a computer.

• Computer may run without the secondary memory.

• Slower than primary memories.

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 Expansion cards
• Most computers have expansion slots on the motherboard that allow you to
add various types of expansion cards.
• These are sometimes called PCI (peripheral component interconnect) cards.
• You may never need to add any PCI cards because most motherboards have
built-in video, sound, network, and other capabilities.
• However, if you want to boost the performance of your computer or update the
capabilities of an older computer, you can always add one or more cards.
• Below are some of the most common types of expansion cards.

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 Video card
• The video card is responsible for what you see on the monitor.
• Most computers have a GPU (graphics processing unit) built into the
motherboard instead of having a separate video card.
• If you like playing graphics-intensive games, you can add a faster video card to
one of the expansion slots to get better performance.

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Video card

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 Sound card
• The sound card—also called an audio card—is responsible for what you hear in
the speakers or headphones.
• Most motherboards have integrated sound, but you can upgrade to a dedicated
sound card for higher-quality sound.

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 Network card
• The network card allows your computer to communicate over a network and
access the Internet.
• It can either connect with an Ethernet cable or through a wireless connection
(often called Wi-Fi).
• Many motherboards have built-in network connections, and a network card can
also be added to an expansion slot.

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Network card

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 Bluetooth card (or adapter)
• Bluetooth is a technology for wireless communication over short distances.
• It's often used in computers to communicate with wireless keyboards, mice,
and printers.
• It's commonly built into the motherboard or included in a wireless network
card.
• For computers that don't have Bluetooth, you can purchase a USB adapter,
often called a dongle.

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Bluetooth card (or adapter)

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 4. Power Supply and Batteries (1
of 2)
• The power supply or laptop AC adapter converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power

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 4. Power Supply and Batteries (2
of 2)
• Mobile computers and devices can run using either a power supply or batteries
• Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

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Lets KAHOOT!
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