Hawler Medical

University
College of Medicine
Department of Surgery

FAST AID AND CPR

By

MBChB, MSc, PhD GS,F.A.C.S

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First aid and CPR
First aid training and CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) are essential life-saving skills that

everyone should know. These training programs are designed to teach individuals how to

provide immediate care in emergency situations, potentially saving lives until professional

medical help arrives.

 First Aid definition:-

First Aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to a person suffering from a sudden illness or injury. It is
typically performed by someone with basic medical training and aims to:

 Preserve life,

 Prevent the condition from worsening, and

 Promote recovery.

First aid includes actions such as providing CPR, controlling bleeding, respiratory problems ,cardiovascular

emergencies, basic life support for adult and child(Coma, Fainting and ENT foreign bodies), wound care and control

bleeding and electrocution)

Wrong beliefs

1 2 3 4 5
I’ll get in trouble Someone is Put something in the
Move a seriously You should suck venom
with police if I help unconscious! I will give out of a snake bite mouth of a person
them water/sugar injured patient
in an accident with seizure
C.P.R.

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CPR & First aid training
 CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
CPR is a critical life-saving technique used when someone's heart stops beating or they stop breathing. CPR helps
maintain blood circulation to the brain and vital organs until emergency medical services arrive. There are two main
types:-
Chest compressions:- Apply firm pressure to the chest at a specific rate (typically 100-120 compressions per minute) to
help maintain blood flow.

Rescue breaths :- Providing breaths through mouth-to-mouth or via a barrier device to help oxygenate the lungs. In
some updated protocols (especially for laypeople), chest compressions alone are encouraged if you're untrained in rescue
breathing.
Brainstorming Questions

What does CPR stand for?

When would you perform CPR?

What do you know about CPR?

 C-P-R
Cardio – Having to do with the heart

Pulmonary - Having to do with the lungs

Resuscitation - The act of reviving a person and

returning them to consciousness
 Increased Survival Rates: Proper first aid and CPR techniques can significantly
increase the chances of survival after a cardiac arrest, choking incident, or severe
injury.

 Confidence in Emergencies: Being trained helps you stay calm and act effectively
when someone’s health is in danger.

 Legal Protection: In many cases, people who administer first aid or CPR in good
faith are protected by Good Samaritan laws, which reduce the risk of liability.
BLS Steps

Scene Safety Assess Responsiveness Call for Help Check Pulse Early CPR

• Verify Scene • Tap on both • Shout for help • Take at least 5 • Start
Safety the shoulders • Call 122 seconds but compression
& ask not more than within 10 sec
• For Rescuer & • Call Emergency
10 seconds of recognition
Victim • “Are you all Number
of arrest
right?” • Phone Someone • Check central
pulse
 When to Perform CPR?

No breathing

No pulse

Unconscious
Signs of Cardiac Arrest

• Unresponsive

• Not Breathing

• No Pulse
The first important steps in giving CPR
are….
The three C’s!!

✔CHECK
✔CALL
✔CARE
 CHECK
Is the scene safe?
✔ Check to make sure that the scene is safe!!! Fire, wires,
gas, glass, spills, traffic, falling objects etc.
✔Make sure you are also taking care of yourself!
✔Assess what might have happened
✔ Is there anyone around who can also help? Ask others
around the scene for as much help as they can offer!
 CALL

Calling for help is often the most important action you can take to help an ill
or injured person.
✔ Call 122 or the local emergency number (If there are other people at the
scene, ask someone else to call for you to help!)
✔ If you’re by yourself, call 122 and/or get AED before you start CPR

✔ Give the 122 operator the correct information about your location, victim,
what happened and any other information you can. Be the last to hang up!
Primary Survey
D – danger
R – response
A – airway
B – breathing
C – circulations
How to give breaths?
Open Airway

Head tilt – Chin lift Jaw thrust

If cervical spine injury

is suspected
 Steps to Adult CPR
1 – Make sure scene is safe

2 – Check responsiveness of victim – Pinch shoulders – speak loudly in both ears

3 – Call 122 or have someone call 122

4 – Check Airway, Breathing Circulation – Head tilt chin lift look listen and feel for 10 seconds

5 - Give 2 breaths

6 – Give 30 compressions – in center of chest

7 – Continue steps 5 and 6 until…victim recovers, emergency help arrives, you are exhausted,
someone else who is trained takes over, AED arrives
Chest Compression

Hand Position
Middle of chest on line
connecting two nipples
Chest Compression …
Deliver at least 100 to 120
compressions per minute
Compression depth of at least
2 inches / 5 cm
Allow complete Chest recoil
Compression – ventilation ratio
of 30:2
Minimise interruptions
HOW TO PERFORM CPR FOR INFANTS (NEWBORN TO 1 YEAR)
Summary

Someone is unconscious Someone is unconscious

breathing breathing

Pulse Pulse

Put in recovery position Start CPR

CPR should only be stopped when:

The person regains consciousness and begins breathing normally.

Emergency medical services arrive and take over.

When there is clear evidence of death.

The rescuer is too exhausted to continue or is in danger.

A healthcare professional determines that resuscitation is no longer

appropriate.
What will I learn about today?

Unconscious Burns in
Chest Pain Falls
Patient Kitchen
 What is the
biggest
emergency of
them all?
Thank you for your listening

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