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Three Phase Systems - Power measurement

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12 views

Three Phase Systems - Power measurement

Uploaded by

rajesh5500
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Three Phase Systems

Power measurement
Difference between single and three phase supply

The voltage induced by a single coil A three-phase supply is generated when


when rotated in a uniform magnetic field three coils are placed 120o apart and the
is known as a single-phase voltage. whole rotated in a uniform magnetic field.
The result is three independent supplies of
equal voltages which are each displaced
by 120° from each other
Three-phase supply

The convention adopted to identify


each of the phase voltages is R-red,
Y-yellow, and B-blue.

A three-phase A.C. supply is carried


by three conductors, called lines.
Currents in these conductors are
known as line currents ()
Potential difference between them
are known as line voltages (). A fourth
conductor, called the neutral (black)
Star connection
(a) a star connection, and (b) a delta, or The voltages, VR, VY and VB are called phase voltages
mesh, connection or line to neutral voltages. Phase voltages are generally
denoted by Vp.
A star-connected load where the three-line
conductors are each connected to a load and
The voltages, VRY, VYB and VBR are called line voltages
the outlets from the loads are joined together at Phase currents (generally denoted by Ip) are equal to
N to form what is termed the neutral point or their respective line currents IR, IY and IB.
the star point.
IR = IY = IB,
VR = VY = VB
VRY = VYB = VBR,
ZR = ZY = ZB
and the current in the neutral conductor, IN = 0
When a star connected system is balanced, then the
neutral conductor is unnecessary and is often omitted.
Line Voltage – star connection

The line voltage, VRY, VRY = VR − VY (VY is negative since it is in the


opposite direction to VRY). In the phasor diagram, the phasor VY is
reversed (shown by the broken line) and then added phasorially to
VR (i.e. VRY = VR + (-VY ) ). By trigonometry, or by measurement, ,
i.e. for a balanced star connection:
Problem

Three loads, each of resistance 30 Ohm , are connected in star to a 415 V, 3-phase
supply.
Determine (a) the system phase voltage, (b) the phase current and (c) the line current.

Solution:
A ‘415 V, 3-phase supply’ means that 415 V is the line voltage, VL

(a) For a star connection, .


Hence phase voltage, Vp = VL / = 415 / = 239.6 V or 240 V (b) Phase current, Ip =
Vp / Rp = 240 / 30 = 8 A

(c) For a star connection, Ip = IL


Hence the line current, IL = 8 A.
Problem
A star-connected load consists of three identical coils each of resistance 30 ohm and inductance 127.3
mH. If the line current is 5.08 A, calculate the line voltage if the supply frequency is 50 Hz.
Delta connection
Problem:
Three identical coils each of resistance 30 ohm
and inductance 127.3 mH are connected in
delta to a 440 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply.
Determine (a) the phase current, and (b) the
line current.

Phase impedance, Zp = 50 ohm and for a delta


• A delta (or mesh) connected load where connection, Vp = VL
the end of one load is connected to the start
of the next load. (a) Phase current, Ip = Vp / Zp = VL / Zp = 440 /
• The line voltages VRY, VYB and VBR are the
50 = 8.8 A
respective phase voltages, i.e. for a delta
connection: (b) For a delta connection, IL = Ip = (8.8) =
15.24 A
• Using Kirchhoff’s current law IR = IRY - IBR = IRY
+ (-IBR).
i.e. for a delta connection:
Difference between star and delta connection
Problem:
Three coils each having resistance 3 ohm and inductive reactance 4 are connected (i) in
star and (ii) in delta to a 415 V, 3-phase supply. Calculate for each connection (a) the line
and phase voltages and (b) the phase and line currents.
Power in three-phase systems
The power dissipated in a three-phase load is given by the sum of the power dissipated in
each phase. If a load is balanced, then the total power P is given by: P = 3 x power consumed
by one phase.
The power consumed in one phase = Ip 2Rp or Vp Ip cos ϕ (where ϕ is the phase angle
between Vp and Ip)

Hence for either a star or a delta balanced connection the total power P is given by:
Problem
Three 12 resistors are connected in star to a 415 V, 3-phase supply. Determine the
total power dissipated by the resistors.
Differences
Differences Star Circuit Delta Circuit
In DELTA Connection, the opposite ends of three coils
In STAR Connection, the starting or finishing ends are connected together which forms the shape of Greek
Definition (similar ends) of three coils are connected together to alphabet “Δ”. In other words, the end of each coil is
form the neutral point in the shape of letter “Y”. connected with the starting point of another coil, and the
common joints form the three phase wires.
Neutral or the Common connection exist in Star Neutral point doesn’t exist in Delta circuits
Neutral Point There are four conductors in the star connection There are three conductors in the delta connection
(3 Phase Wires + 1 Neutral Wire). (3 Phase Wires e.g. All are phases).
The line current equals to Phase current and Line Line current is Root three times of phase current and Line
Currents and Voltage voltage is equal to root three times phase voltage voltage is equal to phase voltage
relation

Power

Model

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