Dr.

Seema Garg
Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad

Emerging Domain In Electronics Engineering

(KEC-101T)

Unit-5
Fundamentals of Communication Engineering
Contents
 Elements of a Communication System
 Need of modulation Subject: Emerging Domain In
Electronics Engineering,
 Applications, (KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of

 Fundamentals of Amplitude modulation Communication Engg.)

 Demodulation techniques. Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
 Types of Modulation
• There are many types of modulations. Depending upon the
modulation techniques used, they are classified as shown
in the following figure. Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Continuous Wave Modulation

•
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Amplitude Modulation

Subject: Emerging Domain

In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Amplitude Modulation

Subject: Emerging Domain

In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Amplitude Modulation
Am cos(2πfmt)
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

cos(2πfct)
Ac Dr. Seema Garg
Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
• LSB = Lower side band Subject: Emerging Domain
• USB = Upper side band In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)
Modulation Index
Modulation index can be represented by μ or m is equal to the ratio Dr. Seema Garg
Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
of Am and Ac, AKGEC, Ghaziabad

we can calculate the value of modulation index by using the above

formula, when the amplitudes of the message and carrier signals are
known.
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
 Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad

• For a perfect modulation, the value of modulation index should be 1, which

implies the percentage of modulation should be 100%.
• As the value of the modulation index increases, the carrier experiences a
180o phase reversal, which causes additional sidebands and hence, the wave gets
distorted. Such an over-modulated wave causes interference, which cannot be
eliminated.
 Modulation Index
• For instance, modulation index m is less than 1, then the modulated
output is called as Under-modulation. Such a wave is called as
an under-modulated wave.
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
• If the value of the modulation index is greater than 1,
then the wave will be an over-modulated wave.
Power Calculations of AM Wave

Subject: Emerging Domain

In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Power Calculations of AM Wave

Subject: Emerging Domain

In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Power Calculations of AM Wave

Subject: Emerging Domain

In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Numerical Problems
Q1. A modulating signal m(t)=10cos⁡(2π×103t) is amplitude modulated with a
carrier signal c(t)=50cos(2π×105t). Find the modulation index, the carrier
power, and the power required for transmitting AM wave.
Sol.
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Q2. The equation of amplitude wave is given by s(t)=20[1+0.8cos(2π×103t)]cos(4π×105t).
Find the carrier power, the total sideband power, and the band width of AM wave.

Subject: Emerging Domain

In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Generation of AM Wave

Subject: Emerging Domain

In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Detection of AM Wave

Subject: Emerging Domain

In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Square Law Detector

Subject: Emerging Domain

In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Envelope Detector

Subject: Emerging Domain

In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-5 (Elements of
Communication Engg.)

Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad
 Subject: Emerging Domain
In Electronics Engineering,
(KEC101T)
UNIT-3 (Opamp & IoT)

THANKYOU Dr. Seema Garg

Assoc. Prof. ECE Dept.
AKGEC, Ghaziabad