Hawassa University

W/G/C/F/N/R/
Department of Land Administration and Surveying

Course Title: Drawing and AutoCAD

Adem Berihun September, 2021 1

 Course Description
• This course is designed to introduce students about
i. fundamental working drawing and AutoCAD,
ii. creating, drawing and viewing surveying data using Auto
cad,
iii. Basic AutoCAD drawing techniques,
iv. showing how to create dimensioning, modify objects,
symbolizations of surveying elements.
 Course objectives

• Identify fundamental elements of working drawing and Auto cad and

their respective functions.
• Understand how to create surveying drawing using Auto cad
• Creating, viewing and symbolizing surveying elements.
• Read and interpret different types of drawings
• Understand the application of drawing with AutoCAD
• Understanding and reading designed maps in CAD
Let's get started!
 UNIT ONE

Introduction to Working Drawing

 Introduction to Drawing
• Drawing is the art and technique of representing objects or ideas visually
through the use of lines and shades.
• It is a fundamental skill that is used in various fields, such as engineering,
architecture, and design, to communicate ideas and designs.
• From the simple sketches of ancient civilizations to the complex technical
drawings used in modern industries, drawing has played a crucial role in
human communication and progress.
• The importance of drawing lies in its ability to convey information and ideas
more effectively than words or numbers alone.
 Con…

• Drawings can provide a visual representation of an object or concept,

allowing others to understand and interpret it more easily.
• This makes drawing a valuable tool in fields where precise and accurate
communication is essential, such as engineering and design.
• Moreover, drawing also promotes creativity and problem-solving skills.
• By experimenting with different techniques and materials, artists and
designers can come up with new and innovative ideas.
• In engineering and design, drawing is used not only to communicate existing
ideas but also to generate new ones and find solutions to complex problems.
• In this lesson, we will explore the different types of drawings and the tools
and materials used in drawing.
Major types of drawings
• There are two major types of drawings:
a. Artistic Drawings
b. Technical Drawings.
 a) Artistic Drawings
• Artistic drawings, unlike technical drawings, focus more on the aesthetic and
expressive qualities of a drawing rather than its technical accuracy.
• These are a form of freehand representation that makes use of pictures to
provide a general impression of the object being drawn.
• There are no hard rules or standards in the preparation of artistic drawings.

• Here are some common types of artistic drawings:

I. Sketches:
• Sketches are quick and loosely drawn drawings that capture the essence or
basic form of an object or scene. They are often used as preliminary studies for
more detailed drawings.
 Con…

II. Figure Drawings:

• Figure drawings are drawings of human figures, often used in life drawing or as
a study for paintings or sculptures.
III. Still Life Drawings:
• Still life drawings involve drawing objects arranged on a table or other surface.
They are often used as exercises to practice observation and drawing skills.
IV. Landscape Drawings:
• Landscape drawings depict outdoor scenes such as mountains, rivers, and trees.
They can be done in various styles, such as realistic, impressionistic, or abstract.
IV. Portraits:
• Portraits are drawings of people's faces, often capturing their likeness and
personality.
 b) Technical Drawings
• Technical drawings, also known as engineering drawings, are used to
communicate the design and specifications of an object or structure in a
precise and standardized way.
• These are detailed drawings drawn accurately and precisely.
• They are pictures that have been prepared with the aid of mathematical
instruments in order to record and transmit technical information.
• They provide an exact and complete description of things that are to be built
or manufactured.
 Con…

• Here are some common types of technical drawings:

I. Assembly Drawings:
• Assembly drawings show how different parts or components fit together to
create a larger structure or object.
• They are often used in manufacturing and construction.
II. Detail Drawings:
• Detail drawings show specific parts or components in greater detail, often
with measurements and specifications.
• They are commonly used in manufacturing and engineering.
III. Installation Drawings:
• Installation drawings show how to assemble or install a product or structure.
• They are often used in construction and engineering.
 Con…

IV. Schematics:
• Schematics are technical drawings that show the electrical or mechanical
connections and functions of a system or device.
• They are commonly used in engineering and electronics.

• In summary, technical drawings are important tools in various industries to

accurately communicate the design and specifications of a product or structure.
• They often follow specific standards and conventions to ensure clarity and
consistency.
 Introduction to Working Drawings:
• Working drawings are detailed and precise drawings that are used to
communicate the design and specifications of an object or structure.
• They are essential in various industries, such as manufacturing, construction,
and engineering, where accurate and clear communication is crucial.
• Most drawings develop over several generations of review and modification as
a result of owner input, coordination with other design disciplines, building
code compliance, and general fine-tuning.
• This process is referred to as design development and occurs before the release
of the final version of drawings, called the working drawings.
• Working drawings are the completed design—a code-compliant representation
of the project, ready for bidding and, ultimately, construction.
 Components of Working Drawings
• Working drawings consist of various components that work together to
communicate the design and specifications of an object or structure.

• Here are the main components of a working drawing:

I. The Cover Sheet:

• It lists information, such as the name of the project; the location; and the
names of the architects, engineers, owners, and other consultants involved in
the design.
• Another important element on the cover sheet is a list of abbreviations or
graphic symbols.
 II. Title Block
• The title block is located in the lower right-hand corner of the drawing and
should include the following information:
• The prefixed number of the sheet
• The name of the drawing (e.g., “First Floor Plan”)
• The date of the drawing
• The initials of the draftsperson
• Any revisions to the final set of drawings

• The date and scope of the revisions should be noted within the title block.
• The title block should specify whether the entire drawing is one scale, or
whether the scale varies per detail, as in the case of a sheet of details.
Con…

Drawing sheet Layout

 Con…
III. Drawing Views:
• Drawing views are 2D or 3D representations of an object or space.
• They are used to show different angles and perspectives of the object.
IV. Dimensions and Annotations:
• Dimensions and annotations provide precise measurements and descriptions of
features on the drawing.
• They help to ensure accuracy and clarity in the design.
V. Notes and Specifications:
• Notes and specifications are additional information and instructions for
manufacturing or construction.
• They can include materials, tolerances, and other important details.
 Con…
VI. Revisions
• Often, after the set of working drawings has been completed,
recommendations are made for correction or clarification of a particular
detail, plan, or elevation.
• Revisions are noted in the title block, or close to it, by date and number.

• This procedure provides a mechanism for identifying the latest version of

drawings.
 Application of working drawing
• The use of working drawings is crucial in various industries, such as
manufacturing, construction, and engineering.

• There are some specific applications of working drawings:

I. Manufacturing and Production:
• Working drawings are used to communicate the design and specifications of a
product to the manufacturing team.
• This allows for precise and accurate production of the desired product.
 Con…

I. Construction:
• Working drawings are used to communicate the design and specifications of a
building or structure to the construction team.
• This ensures that the building is built according to the intended design and
meets safety and regulatory standards.

II. Engineering:
• Working drawings are used in engineering to communicate the design and
specifications of a machine or structure to the manufacturing or construction
team.
• This allows for efficient and accurate production or construction.
 Con…

III. Architecture:
• Working drawings are used in architecture to communicate the design and
specifications of a building to the construction team. This ensures that the
building is built according to the intended design and meets safety and
regulatory standards.
IV. Interior Design:
• Working drawings are used in interior design to communicate the design and
layout of a space to contractors and builders.
• This ensures that the space is built according to the intended design and meets
the client's needs.
 Scales in drawings
• Scales in drawings refer to the ratio of distance on the drawing to the actual
distance in real life.
• They are important tools in creating accurate and proportionate technical
drawings.

• some common scales used in technical drawings:

I. Architectural Scale:
• Architectural scales are used in architectural and interior design drawings.
• The most common architectural scale is 1/4", which means that every quarter
inch on the drawing represents one foot in real life.
 Con…

II. Engineering Scale:

• Engineering scales are used in mechanical and engineering drawings.
• The most common engineering scale is 1/2", which means that every half inch
on the drawing represents one foot in real life.

III. Metric Scale:

• Metric scales are used in drawings that use the metric system, such as
construction drawings in countries that use the metric system.
• The most common metric scale is 1:50, which means that one unit on the
drawing represents 50 units in real life.
 Con…
• The recommended scales in Engineering Drawing are

• The scale of 1:1 (read as one-to-one) implies the object has been drawn to true size.
• A scale of say 2:1(read as two-to-one) implies that the object has been enlarged
twice its true size.
• A scale of 1:2 (read as one-to-two) implies that the object has been reduced to its
half size, etc.
• It is important to choose the appropriate scale for a drawing to ensure
accuracy and consistency.
• Some drawings may also use multiple scales to show different levels of detail.
 Tools and Materials Used in Drawing
• There are various tools and materials used in drawing, each serving a specific
purpose.

• Here are some of the most common ones:

I. Pencils:
• Pencils are one of the most essential
tools in drawing.
• They come in different hardness levels,
from soft (B) to hard (H), and are used
for sketching and creating initial
drawings
 Con…

II. Rulers and Straightedges:

• Rulers and straightedges are used to create straight lines and measure distances
in drawings.
• They come in different lengths and materials, such as plastic, metal, or wood.

III. Compass:
• A compass is a tool used for drawing circles and arcs.
• It consists of two legs, one with a sharp point for drawing and the other with a
pencil or pen attached.
 Con…
IV. T-Square
• The size of a T-Square is determined by its blade length. Blade lengths of 60-
mm, 90-mm, 120-mm and 150-mm are common.
• The T-Square is used primarily as a guide for drawing horizontal parallel lines.
• It can also be used when drawing inclined lines, just like any other rule.

V. Set Square
• SSs contain angles most commonly used
in technical drawing, i.e. 30o, 45o, 60o
and 90o.
• The height/length of SSs is typically 15-
cm, 20-cm, and 25-cm.
 Con…
VI. Protractor:
• A protractor is used to measure and draw angles in technical drawings.
• It is especially useful in isometric and perspective drawings.
VII.Erasers:
• Erasers are used to remove unwanted lines or marks in a drawing.
• They come in different types, such as kneaded erasers for softer lines and vinyl
erasers for more precise erasing.
VIII. Other Useful Tools and Materials:
• Other tools and materials that can be used in drawing include drawing table,
stencils, tracing paper, rulers with built-in scales, and French curves.
Thank You!!!!