MODALS

PHRASAL
MODALS
MODALS

AUXILIARY

FULL
MODALS – CAN (present)
• He can speak English, but cannot write it very well. ability
• Can I see the pictures? permission
• Anybody can make mistakes. possibility
• I cannot leave you behind. unwillingness

• Can you please bring me the books? Request

• This marriage cannot last long! Assumption
• You can eat 'midye dolma1 in Ortaköy. It's delicious there. Suggestion
• I’m free today. I can take you to the cinema. Offer
MODALS – COULD (past/present)
• He could skate very well when he was very young. Past ability

• Could I borrow your pencil? Permission

• Don’t accept that offer. It could be too hard for you Possibility

• If I were rich, I could buy a car. Unreality

• I wish I could be at home now. Unreality

• Could you pass me the salt please? Request

• You could eat 'midye dolma’ in Ortaköy. It’s delicious there, Suggestion
MODALS – MAY (present)
• You may borrow my car. permission

• You may not enter this area. It is forbidden. prohibition

• I may get a scholarship, if I get lucky. Possibility

• May you have a long life! Wish

• I may help you if you like. offer

• May I take this seat? Request

MODALS – MIGHT (past/present)
• You might smoke in here. (...içebilirsin.) permission

• Might I interrupt you for a minute, Sir? (...bölebilir miyim?) request

• We might go to the concert tonight. (.. gidebiliriz.) possibility

• If you can’t go there alone, you might take your suggestion

brother along. (...götürebilirsin.)
• If you had asked him, he might have made some Past unreality
suggestions. (...bulunabilirdi.)
MODALS – MAY,MIGHT,CAN
May” ve “might” olasılık anlamında kullanıldığında,
geleceğe yönelik bir olasılık bildirir; “can" gibi genel
bir olasılık bildirmek için kullanılmaz.

May’’ ve “might’ “modal"ları yanlarına “as well’’

alarak özel bir kullanım oluştururlar. Bu kullanım,
niyet veya tavsiye bildirir.

If you aren’t coming with me, I may / might as well go with Jack. ( ben de ...
giderim/gideyim)
You may as well consider him a failure. He will never learn, (...kabul etsen iyi olur)
MODALS – WILL (present)
• I will see him next week, (...göreceğim.) future
• He will help you if you ask him. (...yardım edecektir.) willingness

• A) Pineapples are on special offer this week, madam. Promise at the

time of speaking
• B) In that case I will buy two. (...alayım.)

• Will you please open the window? (...açar mısın?) request

• Oil will float on water, (...yüzer.) certanity
• That will be the postman. He always comes at this hour, (...olmalı.) Present prediction

Predictable
• A lion will never attack an elephant, (...saldırmaz.) behaviour
• You've been working too hard for days. You'll get sick, Future prediction
MODALS – SHALL (present)
• I shall overcome this problem, (üstesinden geleceğim) intention

• Shall I answer the phone? (...bakayım mı?) offer

Asking for
• What shall I do with all these books? (...ne yapayım?) guidance

Showing law
• All payments shall be made by the end of the month, (...yapılmalı.) or rule
MODALS – SHOULD (present)
• Every student should read this book, (...okumalı / okumak zorunda.) obligation
Logical
• John was in the US; he should speak English well, (...konuşuyor olmalı.) conclusion

• The doctor is always busy. You should make an appointment before you go. advice
• This course should be quite useful for you. (...olacaktır.) expectation
• You shouldn’t be prejudiced against those you haven’t even met. (...olmamalısın.) criticism

IF-CLAUSE TYPE 1
• If she should call, let me know. (Olur da ararsa...) Weak
probablity
MODALS – OUGHT TO (present)
• Every student ought to read this book, (...okumalı / okumak zorunda.) obligation
Logical
• John was in the US; he ought to speak English well, (...konuşuyor olmalı.) conclusion

• This course ought to be quite useful for you. (...olacaktır.) expectation

MODALS – MUST (present)
• Candidates must meet the criteria of the EU. (...yerine getirmeli / necessity
getirmek zorunda.)
• You mustn’t tell anybody about this, (...söylememelisin.) prohibition

• He is wearing a uniform; he must be a policeman, (...olmalı.) assumption

• You must visit the Modern Arts Museum in Istanbul, (...ziyaret etmelisin / mutlaka ziyaret suggestion
et.)

• Recently I’ve spent a lot.I must be careful from now on. ..dikkatli olmalıyım.) intention

• You must stay to dinner, (...mutlaka kal.) Welcoming

invitation
MODALS – WOULD (past/present)
• It’s your own fault; you would pay the fine, (...ödeyeceksin.) insistence

• Every morning he would go for a long walk. (...yürüyüşe çıkardı.) Habit in the
past

• He would smoke too much if I did not stop him. (...sigara içerdi / içer.) Unreality
• That would be his mother, (...olsa gerek.) probablity

• Would you please give her a message? (...verir misin?) Polite

request

• He wouldn’t tell me his name, (...söylemiyor.) refusal

• You would go and spoil it, wouldn’t you? (...berbat edersin, değil mi?) disaproval
• If you’re familiar with this contract, you would know its terms better than me.
(...biliyorsundur / bilmen lazım)
certanity
MODALS – WOULD vs. USED TO
• We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
• We would live in New York when I was a kid.
• There didn't use to be a supermarket there. When did it open?
• There wouldn’t be a supermarket there. When did it open?
• There was not a supermarket there. When did it open?

stative verbs
verbs, which we call state, non-continuous or stative verbs, aren't used in continuous tenses (like
the present continuous, or the future continuous). These verbs often describe states that last for
some time.
like know belong love realise fit
hate suppose contain want mean consist
need understand seem prefer believe depend
agree remember matter mind recognise see
own appear look (=seem) sound taste smell
hear astonish deny disagree please impress
satisfy promise surprise doubt think (=have an opinion
feel (=have an opinion) wish imagine concern
dislike be have deserve involve include
lack measure (=have length etc) possess owe weigh
(=have weight)
AUXILIARY – BE ABLE TO (-e
bilmek)
Is she able to come to the theatre with us? No, she isn’t.
Is George willing to substitute for you this weekend? Yes, he is.
The train is about to arrive, isn’t it?

I was able to swim and rescue myself from drowning.

I will be able to study abroad next year.
Scientists have been able to study on tiny micro-organisms thanks to
the microscope.
Although we had been able to arrive on time, we could not watch the
match.
He should be able to swim well because he has had swimming
courses for months.
 AUXILIARY – BE UNABLE TO
am/is/are able/unable to” bir eylemi gerçekleştirme becerisinin I imkanının olduğu veya
olmadığı
durumlarda kullanılır.
She is able to speak five languages, (...konuşabiliyor.)

Jane is unable to be with her friends, (...olma imkanı yok / olamıyor.)

NOT: “was / were able/unable to” geçmişteki bir eylemin gerçekleşmesinde “başarı /
başarısızlık” söz konusu olduğunda kullanılır.

Doctors were able to (=managed to) save the patient by giving him a heart massage,
(...kurtarabildiler / kurtarmayı başardılar.)
AUXILIARY – BE LIKELY/UNLIKELY
TO
Bir eylemin gerçekleşme olasılığının olduğu veya olmadığı durumlarda kullanılır.

They are likely to protest, (...edebilirler / etme ihtimalleri var.)

He is unlikely to be accepted by the governor, (...olasılığı pek yok.)

The economy is likely to recover slowly after the long recession.

Are you likely to want this cardboard box or shall I throw it out?

The weather seems unlikely to change over the next few days.
AUXILIARY – BE RELUCTANT TO
Bir konudaki isteksizliği belirtmek için kullanılır.

Most people are reluctant to donate organs, (...istemez.)

AUXILIARY – BE
WILLING/UNWILLING TO
“Am/is/are willing/unwilling to” bir konudaki istekliliği veya isteksizliği
belirtmek için kullanılır.

The boss is unwilling to answer the workers' questions, (...istemiyor.)

I was still willing to marry her. (. ..istiyordum.)

AUXILIARY – BE SUPPOSED TO
* insanların kurallara ya da yasaya göre neler yapmaları gerektiğini veya
olması beklenen bir şeyi söylemek için kullanılır.

You are supposed to start work at 8:00 every morning, (...başlamak

zorundasın.)
* Söylenti I beklenti ifade etmek için kullanılır.
This stuff is supposed to kill flies. Let’s see if it does, (...öldürdüğü söyleniyor.)
He was supposed to divorce his wife, but he couldn’t, (...boşaması bekleniyordu / boşayacağı
What time am I supposed to be at your place? (...olmam gerekiyor?)

* Yasaklama bildirmek için "not" ile kullanılır.

You aren't supposed to exceed 50 km/h in the city, (...geçemezsin.)
AUXILIARY – BE OBLIGED TO
* Zorunluluk bildirmek için kullanılır.

A journalist is obliged to respect the request of the persons interviewed by

him. (saygı göstermek zorunda.)

Doctors are legally obliged to take certain precautions.

She seems/feels obligated to be nice to Jack because he's her boss.

AUXILIARY – BE BOUND TO
*Bir olayın gelecekte gerçekleşmesinin kaçınılmaz olduğunu vurgulamak için
kullanılır.
Jack is bound to be back soon, (...gelecek / gelmek zorunda.)
They are bound and determined to build their own house someday.
AUXILIARY – BE GOING TO
"Am / is / are going to" bir eylemi gerçekleştirmedeki niyeti veya verilere
dayalı geleceğe yönelik tahmini bildirmek için kullanılır.
.I am going to meet Boris, (...buluşacağım.)

He is studying medicine. He is going to be a doctor, (...olacak.)

NOT: “was / were going to” gerçekleşmemiş

niyeti bildirmek için kullanılır.
I was going to call you but I couldn’t find your phone number, (...arayacaktım.)
AUXILIARY – BE TO
* “Am / is / are to” geleceğe yönelik planları I düzenlemeleri (future arrangements) bildirmek, veya
talimat vermek, yapılacak işin önemini vurgulamak, yasaklama bildirmek için kullanılır.

The President is to meet the Secretary of State, (...buluşacak.)

You are to do your homework before you watch TV. (...yapmak

zorundasın.)
NOT: “Was / were to" geçmişteki belirli bir zaman
You are not to smoke here, (...içemezsiniz.) diliminin geleceğini bildirmek (hikâye etmek) için
kullanılır.
If Turkish education is to reach high This discovery was to have a major effect on the
standards, more resources should be treatment of heart disease.
Bu buluşun kalp hastalığının tedavisine önemli bir
allocated, (ulaşacaksa) etkisi olacaktı.
AUXILIARY – BE ABOUT TO
Eylemin çok yakında gerçekleşeceğini belirtmek için kullanılır. Geçmişteki bir olayın gerçekleşmek üzere
olduğunu bildirmek için ise “past” şekli kullanılır.

Don't worry. I am about to finish, (...bitirmek üzereyim.)

The company was about to go into bankruptcy, (...iflas etmek üzereydi)

AUXILIARY – HAVE GOT TO
* Zorunluluk bildirmek için kullanılır.
People have got to communicate, (...iletişim kurmalı.)

AUXILIARY – NEED/NEEDN’T
Bir eylemin gerekli veya gereksiz olduğunu bildirmek için kullanılır.

Need you be so rude to me? (...olman gerekiyor mu?)

You needn’t come with us. (...gelmen gerekmez.)

AUXILIARY – DARE/DAREN’T
Bir eylem gerçekleştirilirken cesaretli olunup olunmadığı vurgulanmak istenirse kullanılır.
How dare you talk to me like that! (...nasıl cesaret edersin!)
The child daren’t go upstairs alone, (...çıkmaya cesaret edemiyor.)

AUXILIARY – HAD BETTER/HAD

BEST
Edward! You had better / best make some notes, (...alsan iyi olur.)
Hadn’t you better / best be more careful? (...daha iyi olmaz mı?)

I had best introduce myself to the new chairman, (en iyisi... tanıştırayım)
In that case I had better talk to the manager, (...konuşsam iyi olur.)
AUXILIARY – WOULD
RATHER/SOONER
* Bir tercih bildirilirken kullanılır.

He would rather / sooner go out than stay home, (...çıkmayı ... kalmaya tercih eder.)

I would rather not sit in the sun. It’s much too hot today, (...oturmasam iyi olur.)

Wouldn’t you rather stay with us? (...istemez miydin I tercih etmezrniydin?)

NOT:“Would rather”dan sonra bir «noun» ya da bir “pronoun” kullanıldığında yukarıdaki

örneklerde olduğundan farklı bir kullanım söz konusudur.

would rather + (pro)noun + V2

I am very busy tomorrow. I would rather you came next Tuesday.

She would rather her husband didn't work too much.

FULL – HAVE TO / DO NOT HAVE
TO
There has to be a balance between share and profit, (...olmalı / olması lazım.)

I don’t have to wake up early tomorrow, (...kalkmam gerekmiyor.)

FULL – NEED TO / DO NOT NEED

TO
The only thing you need to do is to fill in this form, (...yapman gereken...)

You don’t need to bother, (...dert etmen gerekmez.)

FULL – SEEM TO / APPEAR TO

You seem to be interested in music; can you play a musical instrument? (...ilgileniyora
benziyorsun.)
Your baby doesn’t appear to be hungry, (...aç görünmüyor.)
MODAL + MODAL
Jim will be able to complete his research at the end of this month.

The public prosecutor must be going to demand capital punishment.

We are going to be able to see you tomorrow.

Sooner or later she was going to have to give him some explanation.
MODAL CONTINOUS
The old millionaire seems to be enjoying such a living style.

You should be sleeping, not wandering around.

We happened to be sharing the same cabin on the train with Dr. Atkins.

If Egypt had similar weapons, America would be threatening Egypt.

MODAL PERFECT - REAL
MODAL PERFECT - REAL
MODAL PERFECT - REAL
MODAL PERFECT - REAL
MODAL PERFECT - REAL
MODAL PERFECT - UNREAL
MODAL PERFECT - UNREAL
MODAL PERFECT - UNREAL
MODAL PERFECT - UNREAL
MODAL PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES