Bell Ringer

Briefly define the French Revolution.

What was the outcome after the overthrow of the

government?
Rise and Fall of the
Napoleonic Empire:
1799-1814
W.07: ANALYZE THE GEOGRAPHIC, POLITICAL,
AND SOCIAL FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO
THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S
EMPIRE.
THE
RISE &
FALL OF
NAPOLE A military genius,
seizes power in
ON France and makes
himself emperor.
ACTS 1-6
 THE FINISH
LINE…
 I can analyze how
geographic, political, and
social factors contributed to
the rise of Napoléon
Bonaparte.
 I can analyze how
geographic, political, and
social factors created
challenges within Napoléon’s
empire and led to his fall.
NAPOLEON’S BEGINNING
Act 1: Born in Corsica, France(Was part
&
RISE
W
“HE INSPIRED
IN
Attends POWER
of Italy until the French military took it).
military school(was bullied for
A FEAR AND RESPECT BUT ALSO
RE S being an outsider, and studied to help
V HE him cope) and joins army. Rose in the
BROUGHT STABILITY
OLU A TO FRANCE.” TEXT PG 87
TI ranks
PR quickly. By age 24, he was made a
ONgeneral.
E Napoleon wins stunning
In S
1799,
M victoriesER in Italy and gainstopopularity.
Napoleon returns Paris and
ON OR his Vpopularity to orchestrate a
used ER Britain by taking Egypt
A
Tries Ato
N defeat
RC d’etat
coup
Coup d’etat.O– Revolt by military
AB F
and H fails.
leaders to ? overthrow
SO TH a government.
LU E later he took
Act 2: Three years
TE
the title of “Emperor of
France” and set up a gov’t
called the Consulate, which
was a republic (in theory) .
Hoping for stability, the French
 HOW NAPOLEON HELPS FRANCE AND
GAINS
NapoleonPOPULARITY
was a very effective
ruler in many aspects such as:
1. Economy – Napoleon
controlled prices, supported
new industry, and built roads
& canals. Had good tax
2. Education – system.
Napoleon
established a government -
supervised public school system
called Lycées.
3. Napoleonic Code –
Napoleon established a
legal code that included
many Enlightenment ideas,
such as the legal equality of citizens and
ACT 3: CONQUERING
EUROPE
From 1804-1814 Napoleon conquered much of Europe and ruled
an empire. He often replaced the monarchs of defeated nations
with his friends and relatives (Puppet Nations).
However, Britain and Russia
remained out of Napoleon’s reach. In the Battle of Trafalgar,
Britain was shielded from French troops by a powerful navy and
the English Channel.
1812
The Battle of Trafalgar
(caused War of 1812 – U.S.
and Britain)
 In 1805, British win Battle of
Trafalgar (against Spain/France)
- ensures British naval
superiority
 This defeat forces Napoleon to
give up plan of invading Britain.
 Looks for another way to
control Britain. (Stop supplies
to England)
The French Empire
 Napoleon controls Europe
except for Britain, Portugal,
Sweden, Ottomans
 Has puppet rulers in some
countries, alliances with
others
 French Empire reaches largest
 FINANCING THE
WARS:
$15  Gives up on the Americas
and concentrates on
Europe

Million!!  Sells the Louisiana

Territory(which was
previously Spanish and
then returned before spain

(4 cents became a puppet nation)

(827,000 square miles)to
the United States for $15

an acre)
million in 1803. How does
this help France?
 Also he knew if the US had
this territory, it wouldn’t go
to war with France.
 o f
s e le
e n op
e s p e
t h fa n
m : o o d
l i s i t y m m a n
n a n t o n,
t i o d e n c i o s.
a e i o l i g o l
N ACT q u 4: e d
 Napoleon’s
reconquests
baroused nationalistic

n i a s feelings
e ,across
m
Europe
y
and contributed to his
u b g
downfall.
s
NAPOLEON’S “Ialike theiralpride!” “We need to have pride too!”
g u n
EMPIRE
an t i o
mentality.
COLLAPSES l n a
 Nationalism: One of the most important forces of
the nineteenth century.
Napoleon’s Big
1. Created the Continental System
Three: Napoleon strikes Britain through
blockade—forced closing of ports
Economic plan to strengthen
Europe, weaken Britain.
 Smugglers and uncooperative
allies make France’s blockade fail
Britain responds with blockade
of its own, led by its stronger
navy
Americans fight Britain in War of
1812; war does no major damage
to Britain
2. Began the Peninsular War
 Napoleon sends troops across
Spain to attack Portugal,
causing protest.
 Napoleon makes his brother
king of Spain, making things
worse
 Spanish fight as guerrillas—
small groups that attacked
and then disappear.
 British aid Spanish guerrillas
 Napoleon loses 300,000
soldiers during this Peninsular
War
 3. INVADED
RUSSIA
 Relations with Russia break down,
Napoleon decides to invade.
 In June 1812, Napoleon’s army
marches into Russia with
420,000 men
 Russians use scorched-earth
policy—destroying crops,
livestock
 In September 1812, Russians
retreat from Moscow after Battle
of Borodino
 Napoleon finds Moscow
abandoned and burning
 Napoleon retreats, losing
 ACT 5: THE FALL OF
NAPOLEON
An alliance between Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia
defeated Napoleon, forcing him to step down in 1814 (The
War of the Sixth Coalition). He is exiled to the island of
Elba (near Italy). European powers install LouisJust
XVIII as old
like thetimes!
new French king.

On February 26, 1815, after less

than a year in Elba, Napoleon
escaped and sailed to the French
mainland with a group of more
than 1,000 supporters. On March
20, he returned to Paris, where he
was welcomed by cheering
crowds. The new king, Louis XVIII
ACT 6: THE RETURN
OF THE BLUE EYE
 Louis XVIII, new king, is soon
overthrown and Napoleon returns from
exile.
 The king’s soldiers pledge allegiance to
Napoleon.
 This begins what is called the 100 Days
Campaign.
 British, Prussian forces don’t like this
and defeat Napoleon’s army at the battle
of Waterloo (1815).
 This defeat ends Napoleon’s last
attempt at power
 Exiled to St. Helena - Died in 1821 of
Effects of
the
French
Revolution
Congress of Vienna – A meeting of European monarchies headed up by Klemens
von Metternich. Three policy goals:
1. Restore France to 1790 boundaries.
2. Create a balance of power and no country could be a threat to others.
3. Restore royal families to the thrones they held pre-Napoleon.
4.European nations agree to preserve peace (Treaty of Paris), which lasts almost 40 years.
EUROPE MAPS: NAPOLEON’S 1812
CONGRESS OF VIENNA – 1815
The French Revolution and the reign of
Napoleon transformed both France and Europe
1. Democratic Ideals –
in two ways:
Napoleon’s conquests
spread the ideals of
democracy
Groups across
strived Europe.
to achieve
the goals of the French
republic: “Liberty, Equality,
Fraternity.”
People wanted
liberty from
monarchs, social
equality, and
fraternity, or
brotherhood
 2. Nationalism – WHY DOESN’T
ANYONE LIKE
Napoleon’s ME ANYMORE?

conquests inspired feelings

of national pride
among the French,
as well as nationalistic
feelings in those nations
that were oppressed by
Napoleon.
His conquests had a part in the eventual
unification of both Italy and Germany, and
his weakening of Spain led to the Latin
American independence movements.
Haitian Revolution
Saint Domingue—on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean
Sea– was a French sugar colony. Life for the enslaved people
forced to work on this French sugar colony was difficult, and
many plantation owners were unforgiving. In 1791, as the
French monarchy was failing, Francois-Dominique Toussaint
Louverture led the more than 100,000 enslaved people on Haiti
in an uprising.

The Haitian Revolution found inspiration in the American and

French Revolutions that came before it. The cause for the
revolution was strengthened by the Enlightenment principle of
the equality of all men. This idea, they argued, applied to
enslaved peoples as much as it applied to the peasants in
France. During a thirteen-year uprising, the Haitian