Curriculum design:

components and
Approaches

ASHLY PJ
ROLL NO:20
5 th SEMESTER
BSC NURSING
GCNA
INTRODUCTION

Curriculum design is the process of selecting a

subject and creating a plan for teaching that
subject .This includes deciding which materials
to use, how to organize those materials and how
to use them in the classroom to develop students
knowledge and skills
DEFINITION
“Curriculum is a systematic arrangement of the sum
total of selected experiences planned by a school for a
defined group of students to attain the aims of a particular
education program ”

- Florence nightingale international foundation

 PHILOSOPHY

“ A curriculum philosophy is a set of values or criteria that

guides all decision making when developing a curriculum ’’

• Philosophy provides educators,teachers,and curriculum makers with

framework for implementing and evaluating curriculum
• It helps in answering with what Educational institutions are for,what
subjects are important,how students should learn , what materials and
which methods should be used
• In decision making philosophy provide the starting point and will be
used for the succeeding decision making
Perspectives of philosophy
• Perennialism – focuses on classical subjects ,
literacy analysis and considers curriculum as a
constant

• Essentialism – it focuses on the important skills

to promote the growth and development of the
individual . The curriculum focuses on essential
skills and essential subjects
CONTD…

• Progressivism – it focuses on students interest

human problems and affairs . subjects are
interdisciplinary , integrative and interactive

• Reconstructionism – curriculum focuses on

present and future trends and issues of national
and international interests
Components of curriculum design
1. OBJECTIVES AND GOALS

Objectives and goals denotes what will the leaner

be able to do at the end of instructions.They guide
the selection and organization of content and
activities
Goals and objectives of nursing curriculum

• Learning outcomes
• Quality care
• Personal development
• Professional development
• Leadership
 2. CONTENT AND MATERIAL

• The CONTENT of a curriculum is the knowledge,skills

and understanding that students are expected to learn.
content should be aligned with the objectives of the
curriculum and should be relevant to the students needs
and interests
• The MATERIAL includes all the learning resources like
books,manuals,models,AV aids etc…They shoud
accurately reflect the vision of the curriculum
FACTORS INFLUENCE CONTENT OF A
CURRICULUM

• Developmental level of the learner

• Content of subject matter
• Time available for instruction
• Resources available
3 . LEARNING EXPERIENCE

The learning experience Includes the way the materials will be

used
Eg :lecture , group discussions ,self study , field visit

• It must include concerns for learners background and

accommodations for them
• Planned learning experiences should clarify the means by
which
learners should achieve the objectives in sufficient time
• The planners are free to select the type of learning experiences
CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF LEARNING EXPERIENCE

• Should create interest and desire for more learning

• Learning experience should be planned ahead of time
• It should deepen and broaden the understanding and
skill of the students
• Should utilize resources and media in organizing
learning experience
• It should be in chronological order
• Use maximum of teaching in planning learning
experience
CURRICULUM EVALUATION

Curriculum evaluation is the process of assessing the

effectiveness of an educational program of an institution .
It helps to identify areas for improvement and ensure that
curriculum goals are being met
FACTORS CONSIDERED IN CURRICULUM EVALUATION

• The objectives of the program

• Whether the objectives are relevant to the needs of the
individual and society
• Whether the objectives can be achieved
• The methods being used to achieve the objectives
• Whether the methods are the best alternatives for achieving the
objectives
• Whether there are adequate resources for implementing the
curriculum
EVALUATION METHODS
CURRICULUM
DESIGN:
APPROACHES
3 TYPES OF
APPROACHES
1. SUBJECT CENTERED

Subject centered curriculum Design revolves around a particular

subject or subject area .This type of curriculum design focuses on
subjects rather than people
Eg : curriculum focus on mathematics, biology

• Subject centered approach emphasize on completing the subject matter

in terms of so many lectures , so many topics and so on
• Here the exact scope of each subject is strictly defined
• Here book or teacher is more important than students
• Subjects are determined by the higher authority
 DISADVANTAGES

• It is not Student centered

• It is Constructed without considering learning styles
• Can cause problems with student engagement and
motivation
• It can lead to knowledge fragmentation
• Ita can lead to a lack of interdisciplinary connections
2 . LEARNER CENTERED APPROACH

Learner centered approach consider each individuals needs,

interests and goals. In other words we recognize that each
students are not uniform and adapt to their needs.

• It aims to empower leaners to shape their education through

choice
• Here the emphasis is on fulfilling the needs of the learner

Eg:The lerners may be learning with the intent of faring well in

entrance examinations
Characteristics of learner centered approach

• Student centered – students are expected to take an active

role in their learning
• Personalized – educators customize learning paths for each
student based on their needs, interests and abilities
• Collaborative – students are encouraged to work in groups to
solve problems or discuss topics with others
• Reflective – students are encouraged to reflect on what they
are learning and how they are learning it
Benefits of learner centered approach

• Improved participation
• Better memorization
• Development of problem solving skills
• Inspires team work
• Enables personalized learning
• Makes learning an enjoyable
experience
 3 . PROBLEM CENTERED APPROACH
• A problem centered approach emphasize the ability of the
learner to solve a given problem and thus takes into account
both the above approaches .
• Problem centered approach focuses on teaching how to see
problems and find solutions to problems
• Through this approach students are exposed to real world
problems and help in developing skills applicable to the real
world
• It requires great care to strike a balance between needs of the
subject and needs of the learner
 Characteristics of problem centered approach

• Real World problems : students work on problems that are relevant to

their professional industry
• Transferrable skills: Students develop skills like critical thinking,
collaboration and communication that can be applied after graduation
• Cross curricular: students learn across subject disciplines, integrating
theory and practice
• Self directed:use a self directed approach to acquire new knowledge
• Facilitating teachers: teachers facilitate and mentor,instead of taking on
a traditional role
Conclusion

Curriculum as a field to study with its own methods ,theories

and ways of solving problems has influenced by history and
philosophy The curriculum design presented here provides a
comprehensive framework for teaching and learning. By
incorporating clear learning objectives, effective teaching
methods, and robust assessment strategies, this curriculum aims
to enhance student learning outcomes and prepare them for
successful careers in their chosen field.
Reference
• Textbook of educational technology/nursing education I Clement
page no:94-97
• Learning and technology nursing by B sankara Narayanan and sindhur
gopinadhan,5 th edition
Page no: 73-79( Jaypee publications)
• Nursing education by mukesh chandra sharma
Page no : 309-312
• Curriculum development in nursing education 2 nd education 2 nd edition by
carrol L. Jwasiun, dolly goldenberg and mary anne and rurry
Page no: 235-238