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Unit IV Advanced Web and Multimedia Design

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Kalai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ADVANCED WEB AND

MULTIMEDIA DESIGN

Unit IV
By: Mrs. Amruta Gadad
Assistant Professor
St. Francis De Sales College
What is HTML?

 HTML is a language for describing web pages.


 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is a markup language
 A markup language is a set of markup tags
 The tags describe document content
 HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
 HTML documents are also called web pages
HTML Tags

 HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags


 HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle
brackets like <html>
 HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
 The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end
tag
 The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward
slash before the tag name
 Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
HTML <head>

 The <head> element is a container for all the head elements. Elements
inside <head> can include scripts, instruct the browser where to find
style sheets, provide meta information, and more.
The HTML <title> Element

 The <title> tag defines the title of the document.


 The <title> element is required in all HTML/XHTML documents.
 The <title> element:
 defines a title in the browser toolbar
 provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites
 displays a title for the page in search-engine results
The HTML <style> Element

 The <style> tag is used to define style information for an HTML


document.
 Inside the <style> element you specify how HTML elements should
render in a browser:
<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color:yellow;}
p {color:blue;}
</style>
</head>
HTML Basic Structure: Documents
7

HTML Web Document

XHTML Web Document


HTML Basic Structure: Documents
8

HTML5 Web Document

Document Tags define the overall structure of an HTML document.


These are 4 which defines what type of document it is.
HTML Basic Structure: Attributes
9

 provide additional info about HTML elements


 placed within the opening tag
 Paired with a "value"
Example:

Web Development: Using HTML5 & CSS3


WHAT IS CSS?

 CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

 Markup language used in the web document for presentation


purpose.

 Various elements like text, font and color are used in CSS for
presentation.

 Can be used to bring styles in the web documents.

 By combining with HTML document, flexibility of content is


achieved.
CSS
Advantages

• A web application will contains hundreds of web pages,


which are created using HTML.

• Formatting these HTML pages will be a laborious process,


as formatting elements need to be applied to each and
every page.

• CSS saves lots of work as we can change the appearance


and layout of all the web pages by editing just one single
CSS file.
SYNTAX
 A CSS rule has two main parts: a Selector and one or
more Declarations:

 The selector is the HTML element you want to style.


 Each declaration consists of a property and a value.
 The property is the style for the attribute you want to
change.
 Each property has a value.
Formatting with CSS Properties

Text Formatting

The following properties can be used for formatting


text :
1. Text Color
2. Text Alignment
3. Text Decoration
4. Text Transformation
5. Text Indentation
Formatting with CSS Properties
Text Alignment
We can either align the text to the left, right, center
or we can make it justified.
Example-
p { text-align:left;}
h1{text-align:center;}

Text Color
The color property is used to set the color of text.
Example-
body { color:blue;}
p1 {color:magenta;}
Formatting with CSS Properties
Text Decoration
You can use text-decoration property to set or remove
decorations from text.
Example-
p {text-decoration:overline;}
p {text-decoration:line-through;}
p {text-decoration:underline;}

Text Transformation
You can use text-transform property to specify
uppercase and lowercase letters of any text.
Example-
h1 {text-transform:uppercase;}
h2 {text-transform:lowercase;}
Formatting with CSS Properties
CSS Font
CSS font properties are used to define the font
family, size, style and boldness of the text.
In CSS, there are two types of font family names:

generic family - a group of font families with a similar


look (like "Serif" or "Monospace").
font family - a specific font family (like "Times New
Roman" or "Arial").

Comments in CSS
/* comment */ - This is comment used in CSS.
Formatting with CSS Properties
CSS Font Family

The font-family property should hold several font names


as a "fallback" system. If the browser does not support
the first font, it tries the next font.
Example :
p { font-family:”Arial”, Times, “Sans-serif”;}

CSS Font Style

You can use the property font-style to specify mostly


italic text. It has three values – Normal, Italic, Oblique
(similar to italic).
Formatting with CSS Properties
CSS Font Size

You can use the font-size property to set the size of text.
The font-size value can be
absolute or it can be relative.

Example-
h1 {
font-size: 30px;
}

p{
font-size: 14px;
}
Formatting with CSS Properties
CSS List
You can use CSS list properties for
 Setting different list item markers for or
dered lists
 Setting different list item markers for un
ordered lists
 Set an image as the list item marker

Values-

 list-style-type
 list-style-image
CSS Selectors
CSS selectors allow you to select and manipulate HTML
elements based on their id, class, type, attribute, and
more.

Examples –
CSS Selectors (Cont.)
Declaring a CSS Rule for a Elements Attribute

It will style all the content of that element which you are
selecting.

Example-

The HTML
<p> Welcome to the Snapdeal Academy </p>
<p> <b><i> Powered by – PeopleStrategists
</i></b></p>

The CSS
p {text-align: center; color: blue;}
CSS Selectors (Cont.)
Grouping Selectors

You can group all the selectors of same style to minimize


the code. The selectors should be separated with comma.

Example-

h2 {text-align: center; color: red; }


p {text-align: center; color: red;}

Grouped Selectors-
h2, p {text-align: center; color: red; }
Inserting a StyleSheet
You can do in three different ways-

1. External Style Sheet


Styles are specified in an external CSS file. you can change the
looks of entire website by using single external style sheet.
Eg.: <head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href=“ex1.css” />
</head>

2. Internal Style Sheet


To Appy specific styles to a single HTML file
inside the head section of an HTML page.
Eg.: <style> p { text-align:left; font-size:24px; } </style>

3. Inline Styles
Styles are specified inside an HTML tag/element.
Eg.: <p style="font-family:Algerian; font-
size:28px;"> Demo of Inline Style </p>
Challenges of Responsive Web Design

 Performance Issues: Increased load times and bandwidth usage


due to multiple stylesheets and scripts.
 Development Complexity: Extensive planning and adjustments
needed for compatibility across devices.
 Design Constraints: Creative compromises necessary for
different screen sizes.
 Testing and Maintenance: Ongoing testing across devices and
browsers is resource-intensive.
 Browser Compatibility: Inconsistencies due to varying
browser support; additional fallback solutions required .
Responsive Design Techniques
Mobile-First Approach
• Designing for the smallest screens first and progressively enhancing for larger screens.
• Ensures core content and functionality are prioritized for mobile users.
 Benefits:
• Faster load times on smaller devices.
• Essential content delivered first, improving usability.
• Enhanced user experience with touch-friendly interfaces and simplified navigation.

Fluid Layouts
• Using relative units like percentages instead of fixed units for flexible designs.
• Layout adjusts and scales proportionally to ensure content remains accessible and visually
consistent across devices.
 Benefits:
• Enhanced flexibility and proportional scaling for various devices.
Media Queries
• CSS technique to apply styles based on device characteristics.
• Key for creating responsive designs that adapt to various screen sizes and orientations.

 Key Features
• Breakpoints: Set specific points where styles change to fit different devices.
• Device Characteristics: Width, height, orientation, resolution.

 Benefits
• Flexibility: Adjusts layout and styles for a variety of devices.
• User Experience: Enhances usability by ensuring content is optimized for the device.
• Performance: Reduces the need for different HTML files for different devices,
improving maintainability.
Viewport Meta Tag
 The viewport meta tag controls the width and scaling of the webpage on
mobile devices.
 It ensures that content is scaled correctly and is responsive to touch
interactions.

Benefits
 Proper Scaling: Ensures content fits within the device's screen.
 Enhanced Readability: Improves readability and interaction on mobile
devices.
 Optimized Performance: Helps in optimizing webpage load and render
times.
 Future-Proofing: Ensures website accessibility and visual consistency
across new devices.
Flexible Images
 Definition: Images that adjust their size and scale based on the
viewport.
 CSS Technique: Use the max-width: 100%; property.

 Benefits:
• Ensures images fit within their containing element.
• Prevents images from overflowing and maintains aspect ratio.
• Enhances user experience on different devices.
CSS Grid Layout
 Definition: A layout system for creating complex, responsive grid-based designs.

 Key Features:
• Two-dimensional layout: handles both rows and columns.
• Flexible and responsive design control.

 Benefits:
• Simplifies layout creation.
• Provides precise control over positioning and alignment.
• Adaptable to various screen sizes for responsive design.
Responsive Typography
 Adaptive text size and style that adjusts across different devices
and screen sizes to enhance readability and user experience.

 Benefits:
• Improved Readability: Ensures text remains legible on all
devices, enhancing user comprehension.
• Consistent User Experience: Maintains design integrity and
readability across various screen sizes, improving user
satisfaction.
Strategic Approach for Effective Responsive Web
Design
 Creating multimedia content that adapts seamlessly across diverse devices is essential in
today's digital landscape. A strategic approach ensures content is accessible and engaging
regardless of screen size or interaction method.
 Core Principles:
1. Identify Core User Experience:
1. Define the essential functionality and content that provide the primary value to users. Example: Uber's core
function of requesting rides must work flawlessly across all devices.
2. Identify Device Groups:
1. Categorize devices into groups (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, desktops) based on user tasks and behaviors
to tailor experiences effectively.
3. Adapt for Context:
1. Customize the user experience for each device group, considering differences in screen size, input
 Design for Smallest Screen First:
• Start design with the smallest relevant screen size to prioritize essential
content and optimize for mobile users.
 Optimize for Large Screens:
• Utilize extra space on larger screens effectively without compromising
content quality or usability.
 Ensure Consistency:
• Maintain a consistent user interface and experience across all devices to build
user trust and familiarity.
 Create Seamless Transitions:
• Enable seamless content consumption across devices, allowing users to switch
devices without disruption.
 Test Across Devices:
• Conduct usability testing across various devices to identify and resolve user
experience issues before deployment.
Multimedia Content Creation
 Multimedia content combines text, images, audio, video, and animations to create
interactive and engaging experiences.
 Used across websites, social media, e-learning, and marketing campaigns to enrich user
interaction.

 Key Elements of Multimedia Content:


 Text: Provides essential information and context, formatted for readability.
 Images: Enhances visual appeal and aids in storytelling and explanation.
 Audio: Creates mood, conveys information, and enhances engagement.
 Video: Powerful for demonstrations, tutorials, and storytelling.
 Animation: Adds movement and visual interest, particularly effective in educational contexts.
Creating High-Quality Multimedia Elements
 Importance of High-Quality Multimedia:
• Essential for effective communication and engaging diverse audiences.
• Requires specialized tools and techniques tailored to each media type.
 Creating Images:
• Tools: Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, Canva.
• Techniques: Basic and advanced editing, optimization for web.
 Creating Audio:
• Tools: Audacity, Adobe Audition, GarageBand.
• Techniques: Recording, editing, mixing for clarity and impact.
 Creating Video:
• Tools: Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro, DaVinci Resolve.
• Techniques: Planning, shooting, editing, and exporting.
Benefits and Challenges of Multimedia Content
Creation
 Benefits:
• Enhanced Engagement: Captures attention and improves retention.
• Improved Communication: Simplifies complex concepts effectively.
• Increased Accessibility: Adaptable for diverse audiences and devices.
• Versatility: Suitable for various platforms and formats.
• Better Learning Outcomes: Enhances memory retention and understanding.
 Challenges:
• Resource Intensive: High costs and time-consuming.
• Technical Expertise: Requires diverse skills and mastery of complex tools.
• Compatibility and Accessibility: Ensuring seamless experience across devices.
• Bandwidth and Loading Times: Optimizing for faster loading without sacrificing quality.
• Copyright Issues: Navigating intellectual property and licensing complexities.
Social Media Platforms
 Introduction
• Social media platforms are vital for modern communication, marketing, and
brand building.
• Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, and
WhatsApp offer extensive reach and engagement opportunities.

 Key Platforms and Audiences


 Facebook
• Audience: Broad demographic, diverse age groups.
• Content Types: Text, images, videos, stories, events.
• Best Practices: Use diverse content types, engage with comments, utilize
Facebook Ads.
 Instagram
• Audience: Primarily younger (18-34), visual-centric.
• Content Types: Photos, videos, stories, reels.
• Best Practices: Focus on high-quality visuals, engage through stories and
live sessions.
 Twitter
• Audience: Broad, popular among adults (18-50).
• Content Types: Tweets, images, videos, polls, threads.
• Best Practices: Use concise tweets, trending hashtags, engage with
retweets.

 LinkedIn
• Audience: Professionals, B2B focus.
• Content Types: Articles, text, images, videos, job listings.
• Best Practices: Share industry insights, network actively, use LinkedIn
Ads.

 YouTube
• Audience: Broad demographic, various interests.
• Content Types: Long-form videos, live streams.
• Best Practices: Create engaging videos, optimize for SEO, use playlists.
Process of Content Planning for Social Media Platforms
A strategic approach to social media content planning involves:
1. Define Goals: Identify specific objectives (e.g., increasing brand awareness, driving
traffic, generating leads, boosting engagement).
2. Understand the Audience: Research and define the target audience (demographics,
interests, online behavior).
3. Select the Right Platforms: Choose platforms that align with goals and audience.
4. Create a Content Calendar: Plan and schedule posts in advance for consistency and
variety.
5. Develop Diverse Content: Use various content types (text, images, videos, infographics,
polls, user-generated content).
6. Engage with the Audience: Respond to comments, messages, and mentions to build
community.
7. Analyze and Adjust: Regularly review performance metrics and refine strategy.

This approach helps manage social media presence, foster engagement, and achieve
marketing objectives.
Importance of Content Planning
 Effective content planning on social media is critical for maintaining a strong online presence
and achieving marketing goals.

Benefits of Content Planning


 Consistency
• Regular posting maintains audience engagement and trust.
• Example: Fashion brand shares daily style tips, maintains follower connection.
 Engagement
• Interactive content boosts interaction and community.
• Example: Tech company uses polls, Q&A to enhance engagement.
 Brand Awareness
• Consistent content increases visibility and recognition.
• Example: Coffee shop posts visuals, attracts wider audience.
 Efficiency
• Planning saves time, ensures balanced content mix.
• Example: Non-profit organizes monthly content, focuses on community engagement.
 Performance Tracking
• Analyzing metrics refines strategies for better outcomes.
• Example: Online retailer tracks engagement, adjusts promotional strategies.
Social Media Content Calendar
A social media content calendar is a detailed schedule outlining what content will be posted, when, and on
which platforms. It ensures all social media activities align with the overall marketing strategy, maintaining
consistency and strategic engagement.
Calendar Creation Process:
1. Select a Tool: Choose a platform like Google Sheets, Trello, or Hootsuite.
2. Define Structure: Set up columns for date, time, platform, content type, topic, captions, links, and notes.
3. Identify Posting Frequency: Determine how often to post on each platform.
4. Establish Content Categories: Define themes like educational tips, promotions, or user-generated
content.
5. Plan Content in Advance: Populate the calendar with post details.
6. Consider Platform Requirements: Tailor content for each platform's unique features.
7. Include Engagement Activities: Schedule interactions like responding to comments or hosting live
sessions.
8. Review and Approval: Set a workflow for content review and approval.
9. Schedule and Monitor: Schedule posts and monitor progress.
What is a Content Management System (CMS)?
• A CMS is software that enables users to create, manage, and modify website content without technical
knowledge.
• Provides a user-friendly interface for effective online presence management.
• CMS is for managing website content, while LMS is for managing educational content and learning activities.
• A CMS is not inherently a type of LMS, but with the right plugins or extensions, a CMS can function as an
LMS. They are distinct tools with specific functions, but their integration can provide a comprehensive
solution for managing both website content and educational courses.

Key Features of CMS


 User-Friendly Interface: CMS platforms provide intuitive interfaces that simplify content management for
users without technical expertise.

 Content Editing Tools: These tools enable users to create and modify content easily, including text, images,
and videos, without needing coding skills.

 Templates and Themes: CMS platforms offer a variety of templates and themes that users can customize to
match their website's design and branding.

 User Management: Administrators can manage user roles and permissions to control access to content
editing and administrative tasks within the CMS.
 SEO Tools: Built-in SEO tools help optimize website content for search engines, improving
visibility and search engine rankings.
 Plugins and Extensions: CMS platforms support plugins and extensions that add functionality
like e-commerce, social media integration, and more, enhancing the website's capabilities.

 Media Management: Tools for uploading, organizing, and embedding images, videos, and other
media simplify multimedia content management.
 Content Organization: CMS organizes content into categories, tags, and metadata, making it
easier to structure and retrieve information.

 Workflow Management: Larger organizations benefit from workflow features that allow
content to be reviewed, edited, and approved before publication.
 Content Publishing: With a single click, users can publish content to their websites or digital
platforms, ensuring it appears correctly according to the site's design.

 Content Versioning: CMS often includes version control features, enabling users to revert to
previous versions of content if needed.
 Integration: CMS platforms integrate with third-party tools and services such as analytics, e-
commerce platforms, and marketing tools, extending functionality and efficiency.
 Security Features: CMSs include security measures like user authentication, data encryption,
and regular updates to protect against unauthorized access and cyber threats.
Workflow of CMS
 Installation on a Web Server: Install the CMS software on a web server, often
through one-click installations provided by hosting services.
 Template Selection: Choose and customize templates or themes to define the
website's design and layout.
 Content Creation and Management: Create, edit, and organize content using
content editing tools and categorize it for easy retrieval.
 Media Upload: Upload and manage images, videos, and other media files,
embedding them into the content as needed.
 User Management: Assign roles and permissions to different users, enabling
collaborative content creation and management.
 Publishing Content: Publish the content to the live website with a single click,
ensuring it is displayed correctly according to the site's design.
Popular CMS Platforms
CMS platforms provide the necessary infrastructure for building and managing websites,
ranging from simple blogging platforms to complex systems for large-scale enterprise
websites.
1. WordPress: Widely used CMS known for flexibility, ease of use, and a vast library of
plugins and themes.
2. Joomla: Versatile CMS suitable for both small and large websites with flexible content
management and multilingual support.
3. Drupal: Powerful, customizable CMS for complex websites, favored for its advanced user
management and high security.
4. Magento: E-commerce CMS offering product management, shopping cart functionality, and
extensive customization.
5. Shopify: Hosted e-commerce CMS for easy online store creation with integrated payment
processing and inventory management.
6. Moodle: Open-source LMS for educational institutions, offering course creation, interactive
activities, and customizable plugins.
7. Blackboard: Popular LMS in higher education with robust tools for course content
What is WordPress?
• WordPress is an open-source content management system (CMS) used to create and manage websites.
• Originally developed as a blogging platform in 2003, it has evolved into a comprehensive CMS used
globally.
• Built on PHP and MySQL, it offers an extensive ecosystem of themes, plugins, and widgets for
customization without coding.
Important Features of WordPress
1. User-Friendly Interface:Dashboard accessible to users with little technical expertise.
2. Themes and Templates: Thousands of free and premium themes available to easily change website
design and layout.
3. Plugins: Over 50,000 plugins available to add various functionalities like SEO, security, e-commerce,
and social media integration.
4. SEO: Built-in features to improve website visibility in search engine results.
5. Multilingual Support: Supports multiple languages for creating multilingual websites.
6. Importers: Tools to import content from other platforms, making website migration easy.
7. Customizable: Extensive customization options using theme customizer, widgets, and custom menus.
How WordPress Works
 Installation: Can be installed manually from WordPress.org or through one-click
installations by web hosting providers.
 Themes: Select and install themes to change the website’s appearance,
controlling layout, design, and functionality.
 Plugins: Install plugins to add extra features (e.g., WooCommerce for e-
commerce, Contact Form 7 for contact forms).
 Content Creation: Manage content through the dashboard; add posts (blogs) and
pages (static content) using the visual or block editor.
 Media Upload: Upload images, videos, and other media files into posts and
pages via the media library.
 User Roles: Assign roles to users, defining their permissions and capabilities
within the site.
 Customization: Further customize site appearance and functionality through the
theme customizer, widgets, and custom code if needed.
 Publishing: Publish content with a single click; schedule posts for future
publishing dates.
Introduction to SEO
 Scenario: Imagine searching on Google for "top colleges in Bangalore."
 Observation: Top results appear within seconds.
 Reason: These top results are there because of Search Engine Optimization
(SEO).
 Definition: SEO involves various strategies and techniques to improve a
website's visibility on search engine results pages (SERPs) to attract more
organic (non-paid) traffic.

What is Organic Traffic?


 Definition: Visitors who land on a website through unpaid search results.
 Process: These visitors find the website naturally by using search engines like
Google, Bing, or Yahoo.
 Importance: Organic traffic results from effective SEO practices that enhance
a website's visibility and ranking on SERPs.
Core Practices of SEO
1. Keyword Research: Identifying terms potential customers use to search for
related products or services.
1. Example: For an e-learning platform, keywords might include "best data science
courses."
2. Tools: Google Keyword Planner, Ahrefs.
2. On-Page SEO: Optimizing individual web pages to rank higher and earn
more relevant traffic.
1. Elements: Title tags, meta descriptions, header tags, keyword placement.
3. Off-Page SEO: Activities outside of a website to improve its ranking.
1. Example: Building backlinks from reputable sites through guest blogging and
influencer outreach.
4. Technical SEO: Ensuring a website meets technical requirements of modern
search engines.
1. Elements: Site speed, mobile-friendliness, XML sitemaps, structured data.
How SEO Works

1. Crawling: Search engines send out web crawlers to find new and updated
content.
2. Indexing: Storing and organizing the content found during crawling.
3. Ranking: Algorithms rank indexed content based on relevance to a search
query.
4. Serving Results: Search engines retrieve and display the most relevant
content in response to search queries.
Best Practices of SEO
1. Conduct Thorough Keyword Research: Use tools to find relevant keywords with high
search volume and low competition.
2. Optimize On-Page Elements: Include primary keywords in title tags, meta descriptions,
and header tags.
3. Create High-Quality Content: Informative, engaging, and valuable content more likely to
be shared and linked to.
4. Improve Site Speed and Performance: Use tools like Google PageSpeed Insights.
5. Ensure Mobile-Friendliness: Responsive design prioritized by search engines.
6. Build Quality Backlinks: Acquire high-quality backlinks through guest blogging and
influencer outreach.
7. Optimize for Local SEO: Create a Google My Business profile and use local keywords.
8. Use Structured Data Markup: Enhance SERP listings with rich snippets.
9. Monitor and Analyze Performance: Use tools like Google Analytics and Google Search
Console.
10.Stay Updated with SEO Trends: Follow industry blogs and participate in SEO forums.

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