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AUTOMOTIVE AIR-CONDITION

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156 views27 pages

AUTOMOTIVE AIR-CONDITION

Uploaded by

jomart0104
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AUTOMOTIVE AIR-CONDITION

SERVICE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE


REGINALDO, REYMART A.

INSTRUCTOR
INTRODUCTION
• Automobile air conditioning systems cool the
occupants of a vehicle in hot weather.
Automotive air conditioning is the process by
which the air is cooled and cleaned, the
humidity lowered and the air circulated. The
quantity and quality of the air is also
controlled. Under ideal conditions the air-
conditioning system can be expected to
accomplish all these tasks at the same time.
• The air-conditioning system in modern
vehicles is designed to lower the
temperature to therefore assess the
system’s performance. The manifold
and hand valves allow the system to
be purged of refrigerant, evacuated of
air and moisture, and recharged with
new refrigerant.
AUTO AIR-CONDITION
CIRCUIT
COMPONENTS OF AIR-CONDITIONING SYS.
1. Compressors.
2. Condensers
3. Filter Dryer
4. Expansion Valve
5. Evaporator
6. Presure Switch
7. Ventilation Fan
8. Condenser Fan
TYPES OF AIR-CONDITIONING
SYSTEM
I. First American automobile to have a front-end,
fully integrated heating, ventilating, and air-
conditioning system. The Nash-Kelvinator
Corporation used its experience in refrigeration to
introduce the automobile industry's first compact
and affordable, single-unit heating and air
conditioning system optional for its Nash models.
Combining heating, cooling, and ventilating, the
new air conditioning system for the Nash cars
was called the "All-Weather Eye".
II. AUTOMATIC CLIMATE CONTROL
Most competing systems used a separate heating
system and an engine-mounted compressor, driven
off of the crankshaft of the engine via a belt, with an
evaporator in the car's trunk to deliver cold air
through the rear parcel shelf and overhead vents.
General Motors made a front mounted air
conditioning system optional in 1954 on Pontiacs
with a straight-eight engine that added separate
controls and air distribution. The alternative layout
pioneered by Nash "became established practice and
continues to form the basis of the modern and more
sophisticated automatic climate control systems."
AIR-CONDITIONING COMPONENTS
1. COMPRESSOR - The air conditioning
compressor is usually driven by the engine
via a belt or ribbed V-belt. The compressor
compresses and transports the refrigerant in
the system. There are different designs
available.
2. CONDENSER - The capacitor is needed in order
to cool the refrigerant that is heated up by the
compression in the compressor. The hot refrigerant
gas flows into the condenser and transfers heat to
the surroundings via the pipe and fins. As it cools
down, the state of the refrigerant changes again
from gaseous to liquid.
3. FILTER DRYER - The filter elements of the
air conditioning system are either referred to
as filter dryers or accumulators, depending
on the type of system. The task of the filter
dryer is to remove impurities from the
refrigerant and to dehumidify it.
4. EXPANSION VALVE - The expansion valve
represents the point of separation between the
high pressure and low pressure sections in the
refrigerant circuit. It is installed in upstream of
the evaporator. To achieve optimum cooling
capacity in the evaporator, the refrigerant flow
is controlled by the expansion valve depending
on the temperature. As a result, complete
evaporation of the liquid refrigerant is ensured
and gaseous refrigerant arrives at the
compressor only. Expansion valves may differ in
their design.
5. EVAPORATOR - The evaporator is used to
exchange heat between the ambient air and
the refrigerant in the air conditioning
system.
6. PRESSURE SWITCH - Pressure switches are
responsible for protecting the air conditioning
system against damage caused by too high or too
low pressures. There are low pressure switches,
high pressure switches and trinary switches. The
trinary switch comprises the high pressure switch
and the low pressure switch and an additional
switch contact for the condenser fan.
7. VENTILATION FAN - The ventilation fan is
used to ventilate the passenger car. It
ensures clear visibility and a pleasant
interior climate. Major pre-requisites for safe
and comfortable driving.
8. CONDENSER FAN - The condenser fan
helps to ensure the optimal liquefaction of
the refrigerant no matter what operating
state the vehicle is in. It is mounted
upstream or downstream of the condenser
and/or engine cooling system as an
additional or combination fan.
OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF A/C

1. REFRIGERATION CYCLE - In the


refrigeration cycle, heat is transported
from the passenger compartment to the
environment. A refrigerator is an
example of such a system, as it
transports the heat out of the interior
and into its environment.
The condensed and pressurized liquid
refrigerant is next routed through an
expansion valve where it undergoes an
abrupt reduction in pressure. That
pressure reduction results in flash
evaporation of a part of the liquid
refrigerant, lowering its temperature.
The cold refrigerant is then routed
through the evaporator which is located
in the passenger compartment.
The air (which is to be cooled) blows
across the evaporator, causing the liquid
part of the cold refrigerant mixture to
evaporate as well, further lowering the
temperature. The warm air is therefore
cooled. To complete the refrigeration
cycle, the refrigerant vapor is routed
back into the compressor.
2. EVAPORATIVE COOLING - car cooler is an
automobile window-mounted evaporative air
cooler, sometimes referred to as a swamp
cooler. It was an early type of automobile air
conditioner and is not used anymore in
modern cars.
To cool the air it used latent cooling of
vaporization (in other words, cooling by water
evaporation). Water inside the cooler
evaporates and in the process transfers heat
from the surrounding air. The cool moisture-
laden air is directed to the inside of the car.
3. POWER CONSUMPTION - In a modern
automobile, the A/C system will use around 4
horsepower (3 kW) of the engine's power,
thus increasing fuel consumption of the
vehicle.
TYPICAL A/C SYSTEM AND
FLOW
ADVANTAGES
• The system overcomes the major problems such as global
warming and ozone depletion.
• In Vortex Tube System air is being used in place of refrigerant
is of having zero ozone depletion, zero global warming
potential, non pollutant, non toxic, inflammable, cheaper and
eco friendly to the environment.
• Cooling conditions met by the Vortex System is healthier
than the comfort conditions met by the VCRS system,
because air is free from chemicals but refrigerant is a gas
which is a chemical mixture.
• Energy consumption per ton of refrigeration in System is 4
h.p, whereas energy consumption per ton of refrigeration to
run VCR System in vehicle is 6 h.p. So Vortex System is
economical.
• Vortex Tube System is of having no moving parts, so
its durability is more. Installing and maintaining is
easier than the current air conditioning system.
• Performance of the Cooling system is good at high
speeds of the vehicle as high pressures are created in
the Air compressor. Cooling system works well in the
vehicles with less cabin space as the C.O.P of the
vortex tube is less.
DISADVANTAGES
• Vortex Tube System is giving cooling conditions but
not humidity conditions inside the vehicle cabin.
• WAYS TO OVERCOME:
• For getting comfort conditions in the vehicle both
cooling as well as humidity conditions are to be
maintained.
• By installing humidifier along with the Vortex Tube
System, the required comfort conditions i.e.
temperature & humidity will be maintained in the
vehicle cabin.
THANK YOU

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