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Lecture 1 Final1

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mikemaslowski1
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Introduction to

Managing Occupational Health


and Safety
CORG 554

Amanda Freije, MSc.A, CRSP


Course Outline

Course Outline details posted on


MyCourses

2
What to expect?

• Lectures and book --> OHS theory


• Assignments/Quizzes and discussions -> OHS practice
• -> OHS laws, regulations, references
• Grades of assignments/quizzes and midterm due after 14
days
• Answer keys and feedback on assignments and midterm
• Availabilities:
• Students can send their emails on Monday and Thursday :
from 8 to 10 pm (email)
• Reply is given within 24 hours of read (I will be checking my
inbox multiple times a week)

3
What do I expect?

• Read your assigned chapters or any any additional


material before coming to class
• Have your Questions ready before every lecture
• Participate in discussions, polls, …
• Check mycourses for any updates and annoucements
• BE PRESENT for the assignments/quizzes, there will be
no make-up
• Submit all assignments electronically to my email

• ASK QUESTIONS !!

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Let’s get to know each other-Poll

5
Safety Moment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr6b9b8FYKk

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Lecture 1
Today’s Agenda
• Define occupational health and safety
• Describe historical developments to modern
occupational health and safety
• Importance of health and safety (economic costs)

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As a human resource staff, why are we concerned about
the field of occupational health ?

9
The role of Human resources staff
• Safety is a people issue: safety concerns have direct
implications for outcomes such as stress and turnover

• Safety required legislative compliance: standards


in the Labour Law are imposed on employers to
maintain a safe workplace.

• Safety decreases costs:

• Safety is linked to other human resources


functions: training, performance-based pay
systems…

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The Importance of Health and
Safety

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Defining the concept of OH

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOH) :


“Occupational Health is a comprehensive and integrated
approach to health which focuses on the general population
at a workplace and the organization as a whole. It addresses a
broad range of health issues including physical and
psychosocial, environment, health practices, personal
resources, etc. through programs, policies and practices.”

ILO / WHO 1950

“Occupational Health is the promotion and maintenance of


the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of
workers in all occupations by preventing departures from
health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people,
and people to their jobs. ”

Healthy than if they had not worked in our organization.


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Before we move forward

Need to understand the historical development to a


modern Occupational Health and Safety.

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milestone of safety Movement

‘If a builder built a house for someone, and does not


construct it properly, and the house which he built falls
in and kills its owner, then that builder shall be put to
death’ [Law 229]
‘If it ruins goods, he shall make compensation for all
that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not
construct properly this house which he built and it fell,
he shall re-erect the house from his own means’ [Law
232]

Counsel of Hippocrates regarding an initial visit


to a patient: When you come to patient’s house,
Children
you shouldwith
ask twisted
him whatspines and
sort of kneecaps,
pain he has, what
deformed ankles, eye inflammations
caused them, how many days he has been and ill....
respiratory illnesses, maimed or killed after
Ramazzini adds: what occupation does he follow ?
falling or being badly burned, while others
suffocated when they became trapped in the
curves of the chimneys.

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Europe

• 1880s – Germany, Great Britain enacted the first


laws in history governing OH & Safety
Germany – regime covers compensation AND
health surveillance, and invests 7% into
preventive measures
• France – 1945 Compensation and
prevention. Hygiene and Safety Committees
in every workplace. Annual medical
examinations by public Occupational
Physicians.

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United States

• 1880s – first federal laws

• 1936 - Walsh-Healy Act required companies supplying goods


to government to maintain safe and healthful workplaces.

• 1941 - Bureau of Mines authorized to inspect mines

• 1970 - Occupational Safety and Health Act.

• 1977 - Federal Mine Safety and Health Act.

• 1970s: national OSHA Standards which specify


working conditions, control measures and health
surveillance

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TRAGEDIES OF Canada

1949: Asbestos menace


https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=AtMngmVbWOw
 1982: Sinking of Ocean Ranger

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=PsiJNsHI7p82013: Lac Mégantic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
17
v=wVMNspPc8Zc
Safety movement in Quebec*
Dates Laws Content
1885 L’Acte des manufactures de Québec (Quebec •General information on the necessity to
Factory Act) protect workers’ lives
•Special dispositions to protect women and
children
1894 industrial safety Law Emphasis on site inspection
1907 Canadian Royal Commission on work accidents in Salary compensation for workers victims of
Canada work accidents
1928 Creation of the Commission des accidents du
travail (Worker’s Compensation Board)

1931 Work Accidents Law workers now compensated in a no-fault


system
Workers cannot legally persue employers
1975 compensation rules for asbestosis and silicosis in
miners
1979 Adoption of the LSST (Occupational Health Emphasis on prevention and risk controls
and Safety Act
1980 CSST (Health and Safety Board)
1985 LATMP enacted (Law on Accidents and creates a new appeals body and establishes
Occupational DISEASES) right to return to work and rehabilitation
services for injuries and ILLNESSES
1997 Comissions des lésions personnelles- Employement Tribunal to contest CSST decisions
Injury Commission
2004 C-21 criminal law Legal actions can be taken against
employer for negligence
2015 WHIMS 2015 WHIMS 1988 integrating GHS
1
 *In Canada, OH is governed by each Province. WHMIS is the chief federal Act. 8
OH&S Statistics

Copyright © 2021 by Nelson Education Ltd. 19


Development of Safety Organizations
Safety movement in Canada has been helped by
development of safety organizations:
 Workers’ Compensation Boards of Canada
(AWCBC)
 Canada Safety Council
 Canadian Society of Safety Engineering (CSSE)
 Canadian Council of Occupational20Hygiene
(CCOH)
 Industrial Accident Prevention Association (IAPA)
Identifying the Barriers for OHS

• Lack of knowledge of OH issues


• Poor compliance
• Poor health & safety culture
• Lack of confidence in team competence
• Resistance to change
• Inadequate funding
• Inadequate human resources
• Bad labour relations
• More concern to production quotas

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Establishing an OH program

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Identifying the Benefits

The Canadian
Institute of Stress:
 18% reduction in absences
 52% reduction in disability time
 7% improvement in productivity
 13% improvement in service
quality

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Identifying the clientele
(OH gives service to…)

• Working people and their families


• Management
• Supervisors
• Unions & Employee representatives
• OH committee
• Consumers
• Local residents
• Workers’ Compensation agencies
• Industry Sectorial Organizations
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Identifying the Strategic
Partners/stakeholders?
At certain junctures, interaction and
support from some or all of these people
will be needed:
• Government
• Employers (supervisors, OH managers,
Human resource manager…)
• Organized Labour (union or other)
• Employees

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The Stakeholders

• Government
Legislation
• Occupational Health & Safety Acts
• Workers’ Compensation Acts
Support Knowledge Sharing and Research on
OH&S
• E.g., Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) was
established by federal government to provide health and safety
information to any worker who requests it

Copyright © 2021 by Nelson 1-26


Education Ltd.
The Stakeholders

• Employers
Prepare written OH&S policy and display prominently in
workplace
Provide and maintain equipment, materials, and protective
devices
Ensure manner in which the work is performed is safe, and
environment is free from hazards and serious risks

Copyright © 2021 by Nelson 1-27


The Stakeholders

• Employees
Perform duties and tasks in safe and responsible manner
Wear protective equipment in compliance with company and
legislative regulations
Report defective equipment and other workplace hazards to
safety professional, joint health and safety committee, or
manager

Copyright © 2021 by Nelson 1-28


The Stakeholders

• Organized Labour
Take part in the joint occupational health and safety
committee
Bring emerging problems and issues in health and safety to
attention of government and employers
Pressure other stakeholders to take corrective action
Use collective bargaining process to incorporate health and
safety provisions in many contracts

Copyright © 2021 by Nelson 1-29


Internal Responsibility System

• Backbone of Canadian OH&S legislation

• Internal responsibility system (IRS)


it is the basis for most Canadian OH&S
legislation
• Primary responsibility rests with workplace and not
government regulators

Copyright © 2021 by Nelson 1-30


THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH
AND SAFETY
• Mental health problems cost Canadian businesses $33 billion
per year, if non-clinical diagnoses are included (e.g. burnout,
sub-clinical depression, etc.)
• The Canadian Policy Research Networks estimates that
stress-related absences cost Canadian employers about $3.5
billion each year.

BC Hydro: For every $1 spent on the organization’s wellness program,


the company saved an estimated $3
ƒCanada Life Insurance: The company saved $3.43 for every $1 spent
on its fitness program.
Coors Brewing Company: For every $1 spent on a fitness program, the
company saved $6.15.
ƒTelus-BC: The company savedThe$3 Business
for every $1 spentfor
Case on acorporate
Healthy Workpla
health initiatives. (2011), Workplace Safety & Prevention Services, Ontario, Canada

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Any questions ?

Any ideas or suggestions for next lecture ?

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