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Motion in a Plane 3

Kinematics

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25 views13 pages

Motion in a Plane 3

Kinematics

Uploaded by

sathishkumarpk267
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT – II- KINEMATICS

CHAPTER – 4
MOTION IN A PLANE
TOPIC TO BE DISCUSSED
• Introduction
• Scalar and vector quantities
• Vectors and their notations; equality of vectors,
multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and
subtraction of vectors, relative velocity, Unit vector;
• Resolution of a vector in a plane-rectangular components,
• Scalar and Vector product of vectors.
• Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform
acceleration
• Projectile motion
• Uniform circular motion.
INTRODUCTION
• To describe motion of an object in two
dimensions (a plane) or three dimensions
(space), we need to use vectors.
• Then we discuss motion of an object in a
plane. As a simple case of motion in a
plane, we shall discuss motion with
constant acceleration and treat it in detail
the projectile motion.
• Circular motion which is a familiar class of
motion that has a special significance in
daily-life situations.
SCALARS AND VECTORS
QUANTITIES
• Scalar Quantities: The physical quantities which
are completely specified by their magnitude or size
alone are called scalar quantities.
Examples: Length, mass, density, speed, work, etc.

• Vector Quantities: The physical quantities which


are characterised by both magnitude and direction.
Examples: Velocity, displacement, acceleration,
force, momentum, torque etc.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
VECTORS
(i) It possess both magnitude and direction.
(ii) It does not obey the ordinary laws of
Algebra.
(iii) It changes either magnitude or direction
or both magnitude and direction.
(iv)The vectors are represented by bold
letters or letters having arrow over them.
POSITION AND DISPLACEMENT
VECTORS

(a) Position (OP or OP’) and displacement (PP’)vectors.


(b) Displacement vector PQ and different courses of motion.
The displacement vector is the same PQ for different paths of
journey, say PABCQ, PDQ, and PBEFQ.
EQUALITY OF VECTORS
• Two vectors A and B are said to be equal
if, they have the same magnitude and the
same direction.

(a) Two equal vectors A and B.


(b) Two vectors A′ and B′ are unequal though they are of the same
length.
MULTIPLICATION OF VECTORS
BY REAL NUMBERS
• Multiplying a vector A with a positive number
λ gives a vector whose magnitude is changed
by the factor λ but the direction is same as
that of A.
• Note:
ADDITION OF VECTORS —
GRAPHICAL METHOD

(a) Vectors A and B. (b) Vectors A and B added graphically.


(c) Vectors B and A added graphically.

In this procedure of vector addition, vectors are arranged


head to tail, this graphical method is called the head-to-tail
method.
PROPERTIES OF VECTOR
ADDITION
• vector addition obey Commutative law.

• vector addition also obeys Associative


law.
TYPES OF VECTOR ADDITION
• Triangle Law
If two sides of a triangle completely represent two
vectors both in magnitude and direction taken in same
order, then the third side taken in opposite order
represents the resultant of the two vectors both in
magnitude and direction.
TYPES OF VECTOR ADDITION
• Parallelogram Law
If two vectors are represented both in magnitude and
direction by the adjacent sides of a parallelogram drawn
from a point, then the resultant vector is represented
both in magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the
parallelogram passing through the same point.
TYPES OF VECTOR ADDITION
• Polygon Law
If a number of vectors are represented both in magnitude and
direction by the sides of a polygon taken in the same order, then the
resultant vector is represented both in magnitude and direction by
closing side of the polygon taken in the opposite order.

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