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HEADQUARTERS
301 (NEC) COMMUNITY DEFENSE CENTER, 3RD RCDG, RESCOM, PA
Camp BGen Manuel B Tinio, Cabanatuan City

CYBER SECURITY
AWARENESS
Honor. Patriotism. Duty
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LESSON REFERENCES

• https://www.webroot.com/us/en/busine
ss/resources/cybersecurity-awareness-
training-ppt

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OUTCOME OBJECTIVES
1. identify the situations in which it is important
to make contact;

2. create passwords in a manner that

maintain their security effectiveness;

3. recognize confidential information and

handle in a manner consistent with
Policy;

4. comply with cyber security requirements that

protect an individual's privacy;

5. recognize dangerous activities when using e-

mail;

6. report suspected cyber security incidents to the

Law Enforcement Agencies;

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OUTCOME OBJECTIVES
7. recognize that information is an important part of the
nation's critical infrastructure;

8. know when an attempt is made to extract information

without authorization;

9. identify instances where the use of information

resources is not authorized under the concept of
"Limited Personal Use;" and

10.determine when computer gear needs to be thoroughly

"scrubbed."

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What is Cyber Security

Awareness?
Cyber security awareness refers to how much
end users know about the cyber security threats
their networks face and the risks they
introduce. End users are considered the
weakest link and the primary vulnerability
within a network

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What is Cyber Security

Awareness?
Cybercriminals take advantage of your trust, fear, greed,
and plain old human error.

Security awareness training teaches you to spot fakes,

avoid risks online, and use good cyber-hygiene practices
at work and at home.

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What is Cyber Security

Awareness?
"Cyber Security Awareness" is the knowledge that
employees, contractors, and volunteers use to protect
computer systems and data. It refers to the personal
responsibility each of us assumes for ensuring:
-the confidentiality, integrity, and appropriate availability
of veterans' private data,
-timely and uninterrupted flow of information throughout
the internet, and
-information systems are protected from the potential of
fraud, waste and abuse.

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Know Your Limits

Do you know:

• The world is getting more digital

• Business, banking, healthcare, etc. is all online
• Crime is following the same trend
• Worldwide ransomware attacks
• High-profile hacks in the news
• Phishing emails are more sophisticated each day

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Know Your Limits

Do you know:
• all the rules and requirements you should follow to
keep information secure?
• what to do if your computer is infected with an
electronic virus?
• your responsibilities for maintaining confidentiality and
privacy?
• your role in your facility's contingency plan?
• what to do if you witnessed someone using
computers for theft or fraud?

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Passwords
Passwords
Passwords are important tools protecting VA
information systems. They ensure you have access to
the information you need.
Keep your password secret to protect yourself and your
work. If you have several passwords, it is permissible to
record and store them in a safe place, to which only
you have access.
Passwords can be easily stolen or duplicated if
constructed poorly. Most password thefts occur as a
result of poorly constructed passwords or social
engineering. We’ll discuss social engineering later in
this course.

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Passwords
Password must:
 Be constructed of at least eight characters (i.e., Gabc123&).
 Use at least three of the following four kinds of characters:
 Upper case letters (ABC...)
 Lower-case letters (...xyz)
 Numbers (0123456789)
 Special characters," such as #, &, *, or @.
 Be changed at least every 90 days.

Using these rules will provide you with a "strong" password.

It requires strong passwords on all information systems .

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Poor Password
Construction
Many factors can contribute to poor passwords. Some of
the most notable are:

 Passwords that are not "strong," as explained

previously.
 Use of common words easily obtained from a
dictionary.
 Passwords referring to your personal life (for
example, names of family members or pets).
 Easily identifiable passwords are an open invitation
to hackers.

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Rule of Thumb for

 Passwords
Don't use words found in a dictionary.
 Don't use personal references (names, birthdays, addresses, etc.)
 If you suspect that someone is trying or may have obtained your
password, change it immediately, and inform your information security
officer.
 Be sure nobody can watch over your shoulder while you type your password.
Ask them to turn away while you type. Position your keyboard so that it is not
easy to see what you type.
 If you have a number of passwords to remember, you may want to write
them down. You must securely lock them away where they cannot be
accessed by others.

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Risk Awareness
Username and password combinations, the primary method used, provide a
guarantee that you are who you say you are. Your username and password also limit
you to only actions within your level of authorization.

Once the details of your username and password have been shared with others,
you have lost control over how they may be used or abused.

It is worth noting that in most cases, usernames are very easy to get and tend to
follow a pattern which relates directly to your own name. This is a necessary risk.
Therefore, constructing strong passwords and maintaining their confidentiality is of
great importance.

You are held solely accountable for your account access.

No one other than yourself should know your password(s).

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Confidentiality
Confidentiality is a must. Confidentiality is the condition in which
information is available to only those people who need it to do their
jobs.
Breaches in confidentiality can occur when:
 you walk away from your computer without logging off
 paper documents are not adequately controlled
 you are accidentally given access to too much computer information.
 you have conversations about cases in public places such as elevators
and hallways.

Breaches can occur when someone has access to

information that they do not need to do their jobs.

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Computer Disposal &

Confidentiality
Need to get rid of old computer equipment? Be careful – all data must be
removed prior to disposal. To ensure all data is removed from computers prior
to disposal, all VA facility IT departments have a special software tool that
prepares computers for proper disposal.
How you can help:
 Store your data on network drives instead of your desktop computer.
 If you notice computers being excessed without full data erasure, let
your ISO know.
 Know that the "delete" command cannot remove all traces of data from
your computer.

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Privacy

The Privacy Act requires that we as government employees take special care when we
provide information to anyone about our veteran employees and other customers.
Providing personal information to anyone, including veterans themselves, must be done
only by persons authorized to do so.
The same applies to requesting and receiving information about ourselves as employees
and/or as veterans.

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Helpful Guidance for Handling Privacy

Requests
If another person asks you for information under your control, your
response may depend on several things, including:
•The purpose of the request
•The authority of the individual making the request
•The established procedures for managing the request.
If the request does not follow the standard procedures that you are
familiar with, do not hesitate to consult your supervisor for directions
prior to accessing or disclosing any information.

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Risk Awareness
Privacy laws are designed primarily to protect the people whose data you
work with on a day-to-day basis.
The laws are there to ensure that veterans and their beneficiaries have
recourse against intentional or unintentional misuse and abuse of
protected data.
Your protection within the VA is to adhere to the procedures and check
when you are unsure of how to handle information.
If you deviate from the established procedures, you and/or the VA could
potentially become liable for any losses incurred in the event of legal
action.

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E-Mail
Proper use of VA electronic mail is essential to ensure this resource is uninterrupted
and used in legal ways.

Chain letters and hoax messages rob us of valuable network capacity, computer
space, and processing speed. You should not forward these messages to others. In
fact, don't even request the sender stop sending you messages. Just delete them.
These "please stop" messages sent by the thousands slow down our e-mail systems!
Sensitive information should not be sent using e-mail unless it can be done securely.
Before you send sensitive information on e-mail, you must ensure that it can be done
securely.
Some computer viruses attack e-mail systems, making them unavailable. You should
learn to recognize the signs of a virus infection.

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E-Mail Privacy and

Security
Do not think of e-mail as being similar to a personal letter delivered to you in a sealed
envelope by the post office.
Instead, e-mail is more like a postcard. Most often, it gets delivered but there may be
opportunities along the way for people other than the addressee to view the contents.

 E-mail is not considered private. You should have no expectation of privacy when
using e-mail to transmit, store and communicate information.
 Private information about veterans and employees is not permitted to be
transmitted by e-mail unless it is encrypted.
 E-mail is not considered secure. E-mail systems, are vulnerable to virus attacks. In
fact, most computer viruses are spread through e-mail messages.

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E-mail Privacy and


Security
Virus-scanning software scans all e-mails and attachments sent
to you.
 Don't open attachments from people you don't know.
 Use e-mail in an appropriate manner. Don't forward or create hoaxes or
ask people to modify their computer systems. Don't spread rumors using
e-mail. Be suspicious of any message that tells you to forward it to
others.
 Use "reply to all" sparingly. Does everyone in your large mail group
really need to see your response?
Often, it is more appropriate to limit your response to just the sender.

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Viruses
Computer viruses can be one of the biggest causes of breaching securities and the
data we depend on to fulfill our mission can compromised by a virus.

Take an active role in virus defense:

 When anti-virus programs are loading, let them run to completion.

 Be suspicious of e-mail messages from people you do not know as well as of
unexpected messages from people you do know.
 Look for suspicious activity, like a constantly active hard drive.
 Make sure data files and programs you load on your computer are authorized
and free from viruses.

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Viruses
Improvements in technology have to institute an anti-virus defense
program.

Often, anti-virus software is automatically installed and updated.

Nonetheless, new viruses are an everyday occurrence, and anti-virus
software offers no protection from newly developed, unknown viruses.

Viruses can be spread from inside as well as from outside.Viruses can be

contracted through a variety of access points on your computer, from a
software diskette, a CD-ROM, DVD, removable storage medium (zip drives,
etc.) or e-mail.

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Worms and Trojan Horses

Worms and Trojan Horses - software specifically designed to
damage, corrupt, and disrupt a computer or network system - are
collectively known as malicious software, or "malware."
A virus is a software program loaded onto your computer and
executed without your knowledge.
One type of virus is called a worm. A worm is a simple virus that
can make a copy of itself over and over again is relatively easy to
produce. It can be dangerous because it quickly uses all the
available memory of your system and bring it to a halt. Some
viruses are capable of transmitting themselves across the network
and bypassing protections to infect system after system.

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Worms and Trojan Horses

• Another type of virus is called a "Trojan Horse." These destructive
programs masquerade as benign applications. They carry
destructive viruses and introduce them into your computer or
network. One of the most insidious types of Trojan Horse programs
is one that claims to rid your computer of viruses but instead
introduces viruses onto your computer.
• Malicious e-mail hoaxes are not viruses, but they are also
potentially dangerous. In most cases, the sender asks you to
forward a warning message "to everyone you know." The hoax may
request the recipient to take corrective action, which instead,
disables your system.
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Public peer-to-peer File

Sharing
Public peer-to-peer (“P2P”) file sharing refers to programs that allow
anonymous sharing of files between computers. While there can be
legitimate uses for P2P, more often these programs promote violations
of copyright laws through exchange and distribution of music, videos,
and games.
Public P2P programs may include viruses and "spyware". Spyware
programs track and send information about you and your computer
to thieves and hackers.

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Symptoms
IIf your computer has any of these symptoms, there may be a problem. Please call the
Help desk (x4357) immediately if you have reason to believe your computer has been
infected with a virus.
 reacts slower than usual.
 stops running for no apparent reason.
 fails to boot.
 seems to be missing important files.
 prevents you from saving your work.
All computers are required to have virus protection software. New updates are usually
issued every week.
While many sites automatically update virus protection software on networked
computers, remember that non- networked computers, will not receive automatic
updates to virus protection software.

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Virus Protection
Protect yourself:
 Delete e-mail messages with unusual subject lines, for example, "Open this
immediately."
 Never stop or disable your anti-virus program.
 Always allow an anti-virus program to perform its routines without interruption.
 Back up your files on a regular schedule.
 Have your virus protection software set to scan your e- mails and attachments.
 Be cautious and sensitive to attachments that have file extensions that execute
system commands or applications. For example: .exe, .vbs, .js, .jse, .wsf,
.vbe and .wsh.
 Unless you can verify, do not delete any system files based on a request made on
e-mail.

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Reporting Computer-Related
Incidents
It is important to let you know others when you witness
computer-related incidents, such as:
• Electronic viruses
• Stolen and vandalized computers.
• Use of computers to distribute sensitive information to
those not authorized to receive it.

Reporting cyber security incidents to reduce the

negative impact of these events and
to improve information processing ability.

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Incident Do’s and Don’ts

When you think a computer security incident may have occurred, you
should:
 Gather details of the incident so you can communicate specific
information.
 Collect the date, time, location, and involved computer systems.
 Describe what you believe happened.
 Copy any error messages displayed on your screen.
 Copy any involved web addresses, server names, or IP addresses.
 Time may be of the essence.
 E-mail may not be the best way to report the incident.
You may need to contact thru phone or in person.

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Incident Do’s and Don’ts

When you think a computer security incident may have

occurred, you should:
 Limit discussion of the incident to only those with a
specific need to know.
 Do not discuss the incident with the media (radio, TV,
newspapers) or anyone outside of your workplace.

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Risk Awareness

The key to effective incident prevention lies in your

ability to establish the context of the request and to
clearly establish where you are within the task you are
conducting at the time. This will ensure you know
whether it is appropriate to accept the modification of a
computer setting or that a file should be deleted.

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Risk Awareness

The nature of work and its close involvement with the

Strategic Infrastructure program may increase the
likelihood and diversity of attacks on its information and
systems. This heightened risk makes it more important to
know their jobs better to correctly decide appropriate
procedures and courses of action to take in the event of
unusual activity.

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Social Engineering

Social engineering is an unauthorized person's manipulation of your

trust to get you to give up information or resources that you should not
give out. This is an important information security issue!
Make sure when you are asked by someone to provide information or
allow the use of your computer or accounts (in person, over the phone,
or electronically), that you are certain of who they are and of their
authorization to have/use that information or access as part of their
job.

Unauthorized disclosure of information or granting of

resources to dishonest social engineers are potentially
bigger threats to you than most computer hackers.

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Risk Awareness
As a result of improvements in system security, hackers
generally require more information from different sources in
order to compromise modern systems.
This progress in risk mitigations systems and techniques has
created a rise in the number and sophistication of the social
engineering techniques employed by hackers.
Social engineers will rarely ask for secure or confidential
information directly and instead will gradually gain your
confidence, often asking for nothing the first call in favor of
building up confidence for a later time.

This means that your diligence is critically important and, in

some cases, constitutes the last line of defense.

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Ethics
•Ethics deals with placing a "value" on acts
according to whether they are "good" or "bad."
Every society has its rules about whether certain
acts are ethical or not. The same thing is true when
using a computer system to access confidential
information.
"Ethics is about understanding how your actions affect
other people, knowing what is right and wrong, and taking
personal responsibility for your actions…"
- Winn Schwartau

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Misuse or Inappropriate Use

 Any personal use that could cause congestion, delay, or disruption of service to any
Government system or equipment. For example, continuous data streams, video,
sound, or other large file attachments that degrade performance of network.
 Using systems as a staging ground or platform to gain unauthorized access to other
systems.
 The creation, copying, transmission, or retransmission of chain letters or other
unauthorized mass mailings regardless of the subject matter.
 Activities that are illegal, inappropriate, or offensive to fellow employees or the public.
Such activities include hate speech, or material that ridicules others on the basis of
race, creed, religion, color, sex, disability, national origin, or sexual orientation.

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Misuse or Inappropriate Use

 The creation, downloading, viewing, storage, copying, or transmission of
sexually explicit or sexually oriented materials.
 The creation, downloading, viewing, storage, copying, or transmission of
materials related to gambling, illegal weapons, terrorist activities, and any
illegal activities or activities otherwise prohibited.
 Use for commercial purposes or in support of "for profit" activities or in
support of other outside employment or business activity (e.g. consulting for
pay, sales or administration of business transactions, sale of goods or
services).
 Engaging in any outside fund-raising activity, endorsing any product or
service, participating in any lobbying activity, or engaging in any prohibited
partisan political activity.

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Misuse or Inappropriate Use

 Posting agency information to external newsgroups, bulletin boards, or
other public forums without authority. This includes any use that could
create the perception that the communication was made in one's official
capacity as a user (unless appropriate approval has been obtained), or
uses that are at odds with the mission or positions.
 Any use that could generate more than minimal additional
expense to the government.
 The unauthorized acquisition, use, reproduction, transmission, or
distribution of any controlled information including computer software and
data, that includes privacy information; copyrighted, trademarked, or
material with other intellectual property rights beyond fair use; proprietary
data; or export-controlled software or data.

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Risk Awareness

• Even though every reasonable precaution is taken

to protect users and systems in both usage
modes, it is always better to keep personal use of
systems to a minimum, thus reducing the
likelihood of any vulnerability being exploited and
resulting in the system being compromised.

If systems are used for personal purposes it may increase

the risk these systems have to bear.

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END OF PRESENTATION

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